Financial Performance and Losses - Net losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and September 30, 2024, were 22.7millionand15.2 million, respectively, with an accumulated deficit of 79.7millionasofSeptember30,2024[188]−Thecompanyreportedanetlossof15.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and expects to incur substantial additional losses in future periods, with an accumulated deficit of 79.7millionasofSeptember30,2024[215]−Netcashusedinoperatingactivitieswas22.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to development costs for drug candidates, labor costs, and consulting services[223] Research and Development Expenses - Research and development expenses decreased by 0.4million(103.4 million in Q3 2023 to 3.0millioninQ32024,primarilyduetoa0.4 million decrease in drug development costs[205] - Research and development expenses increased by 6.0million,or708.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, to 14.7millioninthesameperiodin2024,drivenbya5.4 million increase in drug development costs[209] - Research and development expenses include fees paid to third parties, consulting costs, laboratory supplies, product acquisition and license costs, payroll and personnel-related expenses, and allocated overheads[233] General and Administrative Expenses - General and administrative expenses increased by 640,000(252.6 million in Q3 2023 to 3.2millioninQ32024,drivenbya715,000 increase in travel, rent, and other costs[206] - General and administrative expenses increased by 1.7million,or266.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, to 8.1millioninthesameperiodin2024,duetohighernon−cashstockcompensationandlaborcosts[210]RegulatoryandDrugDevelopment−ThecompanysubmittedaNewDrugApplication(NDA)forOxylanthanumCarbonate(OLC)totheFDAonSeptember3,2024,withaPDUFAtargetactiondateofJune28,2025[192]−Thecompanyexpectsoperatingexpensestoincreasesignificantlyasitadvancesproductcandidatesthroughclinicaldevelopmentandseeksregulatoryapproval[188]−ThecompanyenteredintoasecuritiespurchaseagreementinMarch2023,whichmayprovideupto130.0 million in gross proceeds, with an initial upfront funding of 30.0million,tosupportFDAsubmissionsandthecommerciallaunchofoxylanthanumcarbonate[214]FinancingActivities−Thecompanyraised50 million through a private placement of Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock on March 13, 2024, with each share convertible into common stock at 1.00pershare[193]−Thecompanyissued42,118,000sharesofcommonstockand7,882sharesofSeriesB−2preferredstockonJuly5,2024,followingtheautomaticconversionofSeriesB−1ConvertiblePreferredStock[194]−Netcashprovidedbyfinancingactivitieswas44.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to a private placement financing agreement signed on March 13, 2024[227] - The company received 22.3millioninnetproceedsfromitsIPOinJuly2021,whichwereusedforpre−clinicalandclinicalstudies,regulatoryfilings,andgeneralcorporatepurposes[212]LicensingandRevenue−Licensingrevenueswere0 for both Q3 2023 and Q3 2024, with potential future revenue dependent on business development arrangements[204] - Licensing revenues decreased by 0.7million,or1000.5 million, or 34%, from 1.6millioninQ32023to2.2 million in Q3 2024, primarily due to a change in the fair value of the company's warrant liability[207] - Other income (expenses) increased by 15.5million,or1788.7 million expense in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, to a 6.8millionincomeinthesameperiodin2024,primarilyduetothechangeinfairvalueofthecompany′swarrantliability[211]MarketandPatientStatistics−Thenumberofpatientswithend−stagerenaldisease(ESRD)intheU.S.isprojectedtoreachbetween971,000and1,259,000by2030,withapproximately450,000patients( 809 billion per year[185] Accounting and Reporting - Stock-based compensation is accounted for using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires subjective assumptions such as expected stock volatility, dividend yield, term, and risk-free interest rate[234] - The company qualifies as an "emerging growth company" under the JOBS Act, allowing it to delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until they apply to private companies[235] - The company intends to rely on exemptions under the JOBS Act, including not providing an auditor's attestation report on internal controls over financial reporting and not complying with PCAOB's critical audit matters requirement[237] - The company will remain an "emerging growth company" until it reaches 1.235billionintotalannualgrossrevenues,completesfiveyearspost−IPO,issuesover1 billion in nonconvertible debt, or becomes a large accelerated filer[237] - The company has no off-balance sheet arrangements as defined under SEC rules[239] - As a smaller reporting company, the company is not required to provide quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk[241]