2024上半年全球量子计算产业发展展望

Industry Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an overall investment rating for the quantum computing industry [1][2][3] Core Views - The global quantum computing industry has made significant progress in technology, products, industrial applications, and financing in the first half of 2024, showing great development potential [8] - Quantum chip technology has diversified, with breakthroughs in neutral atom routes, such as the California Institute of Technology trapping over 6,100 neutral atoms with a coherence time of 12.6 seconds [8] - Quantum computing cloud platforms are maturing, with companies continuously adding new features, tools, and services to lower the threshold and cost of using quantum computing [10] - Despite the progress, quantum computing industry financing activities have not returned to previous levels due to the global economic situation and intense international competition [3] Industry Progress Overview - Quantum chip technology has seen advancements in multiple routes, including superconducting, ion trap, photon, and neutral atom, with neutral atom technology achieving significant breakthroughs [8] - Control systems are developing towards low temperature, precision, and integration, with companies like Bluefors and Intel introducing new products [8] - Dilution refrigerators are crucial in quantum computing, with Chinese companies making significant progress in domestic alternatives, breaking the monopoly of European and American companies [15] - Quantum computing cloud platforms are integrating with supercomputers, such as the Q-Exa alliance integrating a 20-qubit quantum computer into Germany's SuperMUC-NG supercomputer [10] - Downstream applications of quantum computing are expanding into defense, finance, and medicine, with potential value in areas like cryptography and drug development [10] Upstream Progress - Dilution refrigerators are a key focus, with European and American companies iterating products and Chinese companies accelerating commercialization [15] - Quantum control systems are advancing in low temperature, precision, and integration, with breakthroughs in laser processing and microwave readout modules [17][18] - Quantum chip technology is improving in process optimization, photonic integration, and packaging, with companies like Intel and Keysight making significant contributions [19][20] Midstream Hardware Progress - Superconducting quantum computing has seen progress in new structures and processes, with companies like Terra Quantum and Zhejiang University achieving breakthroughs [23][24] - Ion trap quantum computing focuses on increasing qubit numbers, with Quantinuum and Tsinghua University making significant advancements [25][26] - Neutral atom quantum computing has shown rapid development, with breakthroughs in qubit numbers and coherence times, such as the California Institute of Technology's achievement [27][28] - Photonic quantum computing has advantages in coherence and scalability, with progress in quantum error correction and qubit control [29][30] - Semiconductor quantum computing is progressing in architecture design and protocol development, with companies like Intel and Diraq making advancements [31][32] - Diamond color center quantum computing is still in the early stages, with progress in qubit expansion and coherence time [33][34] - New quantum computing schemes are emerging, such as bilayer graphene as a quantum computing platform, offering new possibilities [35][36] Midstream Software Progress - Quantum algorithms based on variational, hybrid, probabilistic, amplitude estimation, and machine learning methods are improving efficiency and performance [38][39] - Error correction, mitigation, and suppression techniques are advancing, with companies like IBM and Quantinuum making significant contributions [41][42][43] - The trade-off between fault tolerance and execution efficiency remains a challenge, with ongoing research to improve quantum computing accuracy and reliability [44] Cloud Platform Progress - Quantum cloud platforms are making progress in hybrid computing power and application cooperation, with companies integrating quantum computers into supercomputing clusters [61][62] - Companies are continuously adding new features, tools, and services to improve user experience and lower the threshold for using quantum computing [61][62] Downstream Application Cooperation - Quantum computing applications are expanding into defense, education, finance, medicine, chemical materials, energy, and artificial intelligence [64] - Early-stage exploration is the focus, with education and training being the most active area, followed by defense and finance [64] - Industry collaborations are leveraging quantum computing to solve complex problems and optimize business processes, driving the application of quantum computing technology [68] Investment and Financing - Global quantum computing investment has slowed, with a negative growth rate in the first half of 2024, reflecting cautious investor sentiment [70][71] - Investment focus is shifting from hardware to software, with more funding going to quantum software companies [75][76] - The Americas lead in hardware investment, while Asia, Europe, and Australia also focus on hardware due to technological and policy considerations [76] Policy - National quantum policies are increasing, with China and the US showing the strongest support for quantum technology [78][79] - Policies are guiding the optimization and upgrading of the industry structure, with countries like the US, Canada, and the UK making significant commitments [78][79]