高盛：美国经济-增长何时放缓，我们何时知晓

Investment Rating - The report expects US GDP growth to slow from 2.5% last year to just 0.5% this year on a Q4/Q4 basis [2][5]. Core Insights - The slowdown is largely attributed to higher tariffs, tighter financial conditions, and increased policy uncertainty [2][5]. - Initial jobless claims, the Philly Fed manufacturing index, and ISM services indices are identified as timely indicators of slower growth [2][12]. - Consumer spending is anticipated to decline as disposable income is affected by rising consumer prices due to tariffs [29][37]. - Capital expenditure (capex) growth is expected to be depressed, with a peak drag anticipated in the second half of 2025 [42][44]. - The labor market is showing initial signs of weakness, with jobless claims being a key indicator [49][54]. Summary by Sections Economic Growth - US GDP growth is projected to decrease significantly, reflecting the impact of tariffs and financial conditions [2][5]. - Historical data suggests that hard economic indicators typically show signs of weakness about four months after a growth slowdown begins [20][62]. Consumer Spending - Higher tariffs are expected to raise consumer prices, leading to a slowdown in consumer spending as disposable income declines [29][37]. - Core retail sales are highlighted as a reliable indicator of consumer spending during growth slowdowns [37][38]. Capital Expenditure - Tighter financial conditions and policy uncertainty are likely to negatively impact capex growth, with a significant drag expected in 2025 [42][44]. - Historical analysis indicates that soft data on capex tends to deteriorate before hard data, which may take longer to reflect the slowdown [46][48]. Labor Market - Initial jobless claims are considered a timely indicator of economic slowdown, with expectations of increased claims as the economic outlook worsens [49][54]. - The report notes that while layoffs remain low, hiring in sectors like healthcare and education may slow down significantly [41][54].