Core Viewpoint - China Software International has signed a strategic cooperation agreement with Shenzhen Kaihong Digital Industry Development Co., Ltd. and Beijing Yiswei Computing Technology Co., Ltd. to build a dual open-source autonomous ecosystem centered on "Open Source Harmony + RISC-V" [1] Group 1 - The collaboration aims to leverage complementary resources among the three companies [1] - China Software International will utilize its software application, system integration, and industry implementation capabilities [1] - Shenzhen Kaihong will contribute its expertise in the Open Source Harmony operating system and distributed technology [1] - Yiswei Computing will support the initiative with RISC-V chips and customized solutions [1] Group 2 - The partnership focuses on promoting the large-scale implementation of new products and technologies related to "Open Source Harmony + RISC-V" in digital economy scenarios [1] - The initiative aims to empower various industries in their digital transformation [1]

Core Viewpoint - The strategic cooperation agreement signed between China Software International, Shenzhen Kaihong Digital Industry Development Co., Ltd., and Beijing Yiswei Computing Technology Co., Ltd. aims to build a dual open-source ecosystem centered on "Open Source Hongmeng + RISC-V" to promote digital transformation across various industries [1][2][3] Technical Aspects - The three parties will form a joint technical team focusing on key technology areas such as operating system kernel adaptation, driver development, performance optimization, security enhancement, and AI empowerment [1][2] - The collaboration will reference the "Wintel model" to achieve deep adaptation and coordinated development of "RISC-V chips + KaihongOS" [1][2] Product Development - The partnership will leverage each company's strengths to jointly develop edge computing products and industry solutions, including applications in transportation, education, and industrial quality inspection [2] - There will be a gradual expansion into smart terminals based on "RISC-V + KaihongOS" [2] Market Strategy - The initial focus will be on smart transportation, with plans to expand into public services and various industry sectors, while also exploring overseas market opportunities [2] - The collaboration aims to enhance the international competitiveness of the domestic dual open-source ecosystem [2] Ecosystem Development - The three companies will participate in open-source community building and technical standard formulation to promote interface recognition and resource sharing [2] - Activities such as technology forums and developer conferences will be organized to cultivate the "Open Source Hongmeng + RISC-V" industrial ecosystem and lower innovation barriers [2] Strategic Importance - The dual open-source ecosystem aims to establish a comprehensive independent technology system encompassing "chip architecture - operating system - applications," breaking the global monopoly of X86 and ARM architectures [2] - The collaboration is expected to replicate the successful logic of Wintel and AA combinations, creating a globally competitive third-generation mainstream software and hardware ecosystem [2][3]

Core Viewpoint - China Software's stock price has shown a slight increase of 2.01% on November 17, reaching 49.15 CNY per share, with a total market capitalization of 45.896 billion CNY [1] Financial Performance - For the period from January to September 2025, China Software achieved a revenue of 3.198 billion CNY, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 9.50% [2] - The company reported a net profit attributable to shareholders of -104 million CNY, which is a significant improvement with a year-on-year increase of 69.18% [2] Shareholder Information - As of September 30, 2025, the number of shareholders for China Software reached 160,200, an increase of 2.59% compared to the previous period [2] - The average number of tradable shares per shareholder decreased by 2.52% to 5,265 shares [2] Stock Trading Activity - On November 17, the trading volume was 2.49 million CNY, with a turnover rate of 0.61% [1] - The stock has experienced a year-to-date increase of 5.27%, but has seen a decline of 0.51% over the last five trading days and a 3.57% drop over the last 20 days [1] Dividend Distribution - Since its A-share listing, China Software has distributed a total of 415 million CNY in dividends, with 13.8956 million CNY distributed over the past three years [3] Institutional Holdings - As of September 30, 2025, Hong Kong Central Clearing Limited is the third-largest shareholder, holding 14.6729 million shares, an increase of 2.1198 million shares from the previous period [3] - The Southern CSI 500 ETF and E Fund CSI Artificial Intelligence Theme ETF have seen changes in their holdings, with the former decreasing by 611,500 shares and the latter decreasing by 502,700 shares [3]

Summary of Key Points from the Equity Research Report on China Software Sector Industry Overview - The report focuses on the China software industry, particularly highlighting the performance of 18 covered software companies in the third quarter of 2025 (3Q25) [3][11]. - There is a noted recovery in earnings, with total net profit rising by 92% year-on-year (y-o-y) for the covered companies [10][11]. Core Insights - **Earnings Recovery**: The significant recovery in earnings is attributed to limited downside from tighter IT budgets, as the base is low, and ongoing cost control measures are expected to continue driving earnings recovery [3][4]. - **Market Dynamics**: The competitive landscape is improving, with smaller players exiting the market, which may benefit larger firms [3]. - **Revenue Drivers**: AI and localization are identified as key revenue drivers, with specific companies like Yonyou and Kingdee expected to benefit from AI monetization [4][9]. Company-Specific Highlights - **Sangfor**: - Rated "Buy" with a target price of RMB 144.00, implying an 18% upside. The company is expected to benefit from improved demand for HCI and software-defined storage amid AI adoption [24]. - **Yonyou**: - Rated "Buy" with a target price of RMB 21.00, indicating a 43% upside. The company is projected to grow at a CAGR of 12% from 2025 to 2027 [24]. - **Kingdee**: - Rated "Buy" with a target price of HKD 18.20, suggesting a 24% upside. Expected revenue growth at a CAGR of 12.5% over 2024-2027 [24]. - **Kingsoft Office**: - Rated "Buy" with a target price of RMB 353.00, indicating a 7% upside. The company is well-positioned in software localization and AI function optimization [24]. - **ThunderSoft**: - Rated "Buy" with a target price of RMB 82.00, suggesting a 25% upside. The company is expected to see robust demand for on-device AI [24]. Investor Sentiment - Investors are showing strong interest in AI applications and their monetization potential, particularly in ERP systems [4][9]. - There is a focus on high-quality AI A-share software names seeking H-share listings, such as Yonyou and Intsig, due to their valuation discounts [4]. Risks and Challenges - **Sector Risks**: Potential risks include a weak macroeconomic environment leading to tighter IT budgets, intense competition, and policy support falling short of expectations [6][24]. - **Valuation Concerns**: Some investors express concerns regarding high valuations, particularly for companies like Kingsoft Office, although others believe the valuations are reasonable given the earnings visibility [5]. Conclusion - The China software sector is experiencing a notable recovery, driven by AI and localization trends. Key players are positioned to benefit from these trends, although risks related to macroeconomic conditions and competition remain pertinent. Investors are advised to consider these dynamics when evaluating opportunities in the sector.

Summary of China Software Industry Conference Call Industry Overview - The China software industry experienced a revenue growth of **15.1% YoY** in September 2025, maintaining the same growth rate as August 2025, with a **12% MoM** increase [1][10] - Cumulative revenues for the first nine months of 2025 (9M25) grew by **13% YoY**, compared to **10.8% YoY** in 9M24 [1][19] - The software industry is showing signs of recovery in IT spending, particularly in AI software and productivity tools [1][10] Key Financial Metrics - The net margin for the software industry dropped to **7.9%** in September 2025 from **17.4%** in August 2025, leading to a 9M25 net margin of **12.9%** [19][26] - The total revenue for the software industry in September was approximately **Rmb 1.5 trillion (US$204 billion)** [19] - The revenue from non-China markets decreased to **2.7%** of total revenue, down from **3.5%** in August 2025 [19] Segment Performance - IT services accounted for **69%** of total revenues in 9M25, followed by software products at **21%** and embedded system software at **8%** [19][29] - Specific segments such as semi design, cloud computing, and big data showed strong performance in September [2] AI Product Momentum - The monthly active users (MAU) of major AI productivity tools and AI video/image editing tools outperformed expectations in October 2025 [2][7] - Companies like **Kingsoft Office** and **Sensetime** are highlighted as strong performers in their respective segments [3] Market Sentiment and Outlook - The Small and Medium Business (SMB) Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) decreased to **47.1** in October 2025 from **48.2** in September, indicating a cautious spending environment [10][12] - Despite the decrease in PMI, there is an expectation of improved IT spending in the fourth quarter of 2025, particularly on AI and productivity-enhancing technologies [10] Notable Company Performances - **Kingsoft Office** reported a **25% YoY** revenue increase in 3Q25, while **Thundersoft** saw a **43% YoY** increase [9] - **Hundsun** experienced a **21% YoY** decline in revenue for 3Q25, indicating challenges in the finance IT segment [9] Additional Insights - The software industry is facing near-term margin pressures but is expected to improve with enhanced employee efficiency [12][13] - The overall sentiment in the market reflects a prioritization of spending on core business operations and innovative AI solutions due to external uncertainties [2][10] This summary encapsulates the key points discussed in the conference call regarding the China software industry, highlighting growth metrics, segment performance, and market outlook.

Core Insights - The Chinese software industry is undergoing a significant operational efficiency revolution, shifting from scale expansion to a focus on profitability and efficiency [2][3][4] Group 1: Industry Transition - Chinese software companies are moving from a "labor-driven" model to a "product-driven" growth phase, emphasizing cost optimization and high-return core business [3] - The average number of employees in the software sector decreased from 13,300 in 2021 to 12,600 in 2024, while revenue per employee increased from $101,000 to $135,000, marking a 34% rise [3][4] - Companies are reallocating resources towards core and high-growth areas like AI, while maintaining R&D investments [3] Group 2: Financial Performance - The average operating profit margin (OPM) for the industry is expected to improve from -12% in the first half of 2024 to -6% in the first half of 2025, indicating a potential profitability turning point [4] - Despite short-term pressures from one-time severance costs, productivity improvements are beginning to show in financial reports [4] - Specific sectors such as office software, automotive software, and video/image software have shown notable profit margin improvements from 2022 to 2024 [4] Group 3: Revenue Models - Companies with a higher proportion of recurring revenue demonstrate stronger cash flow visibility, with average operating cash flow for high recurring revenue firms ranging from $106 million to $141 million, compared to $37 million to $52 million for project-based firms [3] - The transition to subscription-based business models and increased customer spending on value-added features provide significant room for efficiency improvements in Chinese software companies [5]

Summary of China Software Industry Analysis Industry Overview - The report focuses on the operational efficiency, productivity, and profitability of China software vendors from 2021 to 2024, highlighting a shift from rapid headcount expansion to a focus on high-quality talent and product-driven growth [1][2] Key Findings 1. **Employee Productivity** - Average headcount in software companies decreased from 13.3k in 2022 to 12.6k in 2023 and 2024, while revenue per employee increased from US$101k in 2021 to US$114k in 2023 and US$135k in 2024, indicating a shift towards core and innovative businesses [10][14] 2. **Operating Margin (OPM)** - The average operating margin for software companies was down in 2024 due to one-off employee compensation costs. However, operational optimizations are expected to improve margins from -12% in 1H24 to -6% in 1H25 [21][22] 3. **Supply and Demand Dynamics** - Employee compensation has seen steady growth post-2021, with companies focusing on hiring quality talent in critical verticals rather than expanding headcount indiscriminately [1][10] 4. **Research and Development (R&D)** - R&D expenses are projected to grow from US$176 million in 2023 to US$183 million in 2024, as companies focus on developing new software applications and integrating AI models [11] 5. **Recurring Revenue Impact** - Companies with high exposure to recurring revenue have better operating cash flow (OCF), averaging US$106k to US$141k from 2021 to 2024, compared to US$37k to US$52k for those reliant on project-based revenue [22][33] Company-Specific Insights - **Sensetime (0020.HK)**: Focused on selective sectors and leveraging AI tools to enhance operational efficiency [32] - **Kingsoft Office (688111.SS)**: Revenue per employee is projected to be US$137k in 2024, with a focus on subscription-based business models [34] - **Kingdee (0268.HK)**: Expected to see net profit turn positive in 2025 due to improved productivity and a shift to subscription models [34] - **Yonyou (600588.SS)**: Management anticipates stable headcount with improving productivity, post one-off compensation impacts [34] Additional Observations - The average compensation per employee in the software sector has increased steadily at a CAGR of 7% from US$131k in 2014 to US$264k in 2024, indicating a focus on high-quality talent [27][28] - The report emphasizes the importance of transitioning to a product-driven business model rather than a labor-driven one, which is crucial for long-term sustainability and profitability in the software industry [27][32] Conclusion - The China software industry is undergoing a significant transformation, focusing on enhancing productivity and profitability through strategic headcount optimization, increased R&D investment, and a shift towards recurring revenue models. This evolution presents both opportunities and challenges for companies operating in this space.

Core Viewpoint - China Software International has signed a strategic cooperation agreement with Shenzhen Kaihong Digital Industry Development Co., Ltd. and Loongson Technology Co., Ltd. to jointly develop the "Longhong System" based on "Open Source Harmony + LoongArch" [1][2] Technical Aspects - The collaboration will focus on deep adaptation of "LoongArch chips + KaihongOS" to optimize the performance of the Loongson platform, ensuring stable software and hardware integration [1] - A joint technical team will be established to work on kernel adaptation, driver development, performance optimization, security enhancement, and AI empowerment [1] Product Development - The three parties will leverage their strengths to create edge computing gateways, AI terminals, and customized industry solutions targeting core scenarios such as industrial control, government affairs, and smart living [1][2] Market Strategy - The collaboration aims to tackle government and industry localization projects, prioritizing implementation in key cities like Shenzhen, Beijing, and Jiangsu, while also expanding into overseas markets [2] Ecological Development - The partners will participate in open-source community building and industry standard formulation, promoting standardization of technical interfaces and resource sharing [2] - The "Longhong System" is designed to provide a complete closed-loop technology system for national critical information infrastructure and core industries, ensuring system-level security and control [2] Long-term Vision - The collaboration is seen as an opportunity to deepen technological integration and industrial cooperation, aiming to accelerate the large-scale implementation of an independent information technology system and create long-term value for shareholders [2]

Core Viewpoint - China Software International (00354) has signed a strategic cooperation agreement with Shenzhen Kaihong Digital Industry Development Co., Ltd. and Loongson Technology Co., Ltd. to jointly develop the "Longhong System" based on "Open Source Harmony + LoongArch" [1][2] Technical Aspects - The three parties will focus on deep adaptation of "LoongArch chips + KaihongOS" to optimize the performance of the Loongson platform, ensuring stable software and hardware integration [1] - A joint technical team will be established to work on kernel adaptation, driver development, performance optimization, security enhancement, and AI empowerment [1] Product Development - The collaboration aims to create edge computing gateways, AI terminals, and customized industry solutions for core scenarios such as industrial control, government affairs, and smart living [1][2] Market Strategy - The three parties will collaborate on domestic projects, prioritizing implementation in key cities like Shenzhen, Beijing, and Jiangsu, while also planning to expand into overseas markets [2] Ecological Development - The partners will participate in open-source community building and industry standard formulation, promoting standardization of technical interfaces and resource sharing [2] - The "Longhong System" is designed to provide a complete closed-loop technology system for national critical information infrastructure and core industries, ensuring system-level security and control [2] Long-term Vision - The collaboration is expected to deepen technological integration and industrial synergy, accelerating the large-scale implementation of an independent information technology system, thereby creating long-term value for shareholders and contributing to national technological self-reliance [2]

Core Viewpoint - China Software International (00354.HK) has signed a strategic cooperation agreement with Shenzhen Kaihong Digital Industry Development Co., Ltd. and Loongson Technology Co., Ltd. to jointly develop the "Longhong System" based on "Open Source Harmony + LoongArch" [1] Group 1: Strategic Cooperation - The three parties will leverage their complementary resources: China Software International will utilize its software application, system integration, and international market expansion capabilities [1] - Shenzhen Kaihong will contribute its Open Source Harmony operating system, which features full-scenario coverage, distributed characteristics, and low-latency technology [1] - Loongson Technology will support the initiative with its LoongArch instruction set chips and underlying solutions [1] Group 2: Collaborative Dimensions - The collaboration will focus on four key dimensions: technology, products, market, and ecosystem [1] - The aim is to accelerate the industrialization of the "Longhong System" [1]