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和黄医药20250412
2025-04-14 01:31
Summary of the Conference Call for 和黄医药 Company Overview - The conference call focuses on 和黄医药, a pharmaceutical company with a strong pipeline of innovative drugs and significant growth potential in the oncology sector [1][2]. Key Points and Arguments Financial Projections - 和黄医药 is expected to achieve revenues of $780 million, $930 million, and $1.09 billion for the years 2025, 2026, and 2027, respectively, with year-on-year growth rates of 20%, 18%, and 17% [3][5]. - The net profit attributable to the parent company is projected to be $390 million, $130 million, and $190 million for the same years, with a significant contribution of approximately $477 million from the sale of a non-core subsidiary [5]. Product Pipeline and Clinical Research - The company has 7 innovative drugs undergoing about 15 key clinical studies, with multiple new indications or products expected to launch in the next three years [3][6]. - Key products include: - **呋喹替尼**: Approved for second-line treatment of endometrial cancer, with significant market potential. NDA submission for second-line treatment of renal cell carcinoma is anticipated this year [3][7]. - **赛沃替尼**: Involved in seven global registration clinical studies, with promising data for T790M mutation and MET amplification positive EGFR mutation lung cancer. NDA submission is expected by the end of the year [3][8]. Revenue and Cost Management - The oncology and immunology sector is projected to generate $363 million in revenue in 2024, with tumor product revenue reaching $272 million, reflecting an over 18-fold increase year-on-year, primarily driven by the rapid overseas uptake of 呋喹替尼 [3][9]. - R&D expenses are expected to decrease from $302 million in 2023 to $212 million, indicating effective cost management [3][9]. Market Potential - 呋喹替尼 has a significant market potential, being the third most common cancer after gastric and breast cancer, with approximately 1.92 million new cases and 900,000 deaths globally each year [10]. - The drug has been included in medical insurance and has received multiple guideline recommendations, maintaining a leading position in the third-line colorectal cancer market in China [10]. New Drug Developments - **培美曲塞**: Recent data shows an objective response rate (ORR) of 56% and a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 7.4 months for second-line treatment of MET amplified or overexpressed EGFR mutation non-small cell lung cancer [11]. - **索凡替尼**: Currently in global phase III clinical trials, with potential for accelerated market entry [12]. Innovative Platforms - The company is developing an Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ATTC) platform, which shows lower toxicity and better efficacy compared to traditional ADC therapies. The platform is expected to enter clinical stages in the second half of the year [14]. Financial Health and Future Plans - 和黄医药 has a strong cash reserve, bolstered by the $477 million from the sale of Shanghai 和黄, which will support further investment in new R&D platforms [15]. - The DCF valuation estimates the company's reasonable market value at approximately HKD 30.3 billion, corresponding to a target price of HKD 34.67 [5][15]. Additional Important Information - The company is positioned for significant growth with a robust pipeline and effective cost management strategies, making it an attractive investment opportunity compared to other innovative pharmaceutical companies [4].
老铺黄金20250412
2025-04-14 01:31
Summary of the Conference Call for Lao Pu Gold Company Overview - **Company**: Lao Pu Gold - **Industry**: Jewelry, specifically focusing on gold and diamond-inlaid products Key Points and Arguments 1. **2024 Performance**: Lao Pu Gold's performance in 2024 exceeded expectations with rapid growth driven by brand influence, product optimization, and store expansion [3][4] 2. **International Expansion**: The company plans to open stores in Singapore in 2025 and gradually enter the Japanese market, leveraging successful experiences from the Hong Kong and Macau regions [4][5] 3. **Gold Price Trends**: Despite recent volatility, gold prices are expected to rise steadily, positively impacting sales, especially for products priced at fixed rates [4][6] 4. **Diamond-Inlaid Gold Products**: This category has become a significant innovation for Lao Pu Gold, accounting for over 60% of sales, driven by the hardness advantage of traditional gold craftsmanship [4][7] 5. **Future Growth Potential**: Key focus areas include rising gold prices, the penetration of diamond-inlaid products, and the internationalization of the brand, all of which are expected to sustain high business growth [4][8] 6. **Sales Channels**: The company primarily relies on offline stores for sales, with online penetration rates comparable to industry averages at 10%-15%, indicating room for growth [4][9] 7. **Membership Growth**: The number of consumer members is accelerating, but there is significant potential to increase coverage among high-net-worth individuals [4][10] 8. **Development Stages**: The company's history can be divided into three stages: brand establishment (2009-2019), product innovation (2019-2023/24), and accelerated international expansion (2023-present) [4][11] 9. **Global Market Plans**: Future store openings will focus on Asian markets initially, followed by Europe and the Middle East, adapting product designs to local preferences [4][12] 10. **Chinese Jewelry Market**: The overall market exceeds 800 billion yuan, with gold jewelry being a major contributor. The ancient gold market is rapidly expanding, accounting for about 40% of the market [4][13] 11. **Cultural Preferences**: Different countries have varying preferences for jewelry types, with Asian countries favoring gold due to its value retention, while Western countries prefer diamond-studded jewelry [4][14] 12. **Competitive Landscape**: The jewelry industry is shifting from a channel-driven model to one focused on brand building, with consumer preferences evolving towards product value and service experience [4][15] 13. **Channel and Brand Strategies**: Lao Pu Gold emphasizes high-end positioning, direct sales, and innovative product development to enhance brand perception [4][16] 14. **Employee Incentives**: The company has established employee stock ownership plans to align core staff with long-term business goals [4][17] 15. **Investment Barriers**: High initial investment levels create competitive barriers, with significant capital required for technology and product development [4][18] 16. **Cost Structure**: Lao Pu Gold operates on a direct sales model with a gross margin exceeding 40%, offering better value compared to traditional jewelry brands that use franchise models [4][19] 17. **Product Matrix**: The company has developed a product matrix across different price levels to enhance brand positioning and reduce sensitivity to gold price fluctuations [4][20] 18. **Pandemic Response**: During the pandemic, the company maintained profitability due to its direct sales model and high fixed salary ratio, with recovery following the return of foot traffic [4][21] 19. **Impact of Rising Gold Prices**: In 2024, gold prices rose approximately 30%, while the company only adjusted prices by about 20 points, enhancing product value and driving revenue growth [4][22] 20. **Market Expansion Potential**: There is significant potential for growth in both domestic and international markets, particularly among high-net-worth individuals and in culturally aligned regions [4][23] 21. **Future Outlook**: The company is expected to continue benefiting from rising gold prices and successful international expansion, leading to substantial growth opportunities [4][24]
元征科技20250409
2025-04-11 02:20
Summary of Yuan Zheng Technology Conference Call Company Overview - **Company**: Yuan Zheng Technology - **Year**: 2024 - **Main Revenue**: 1.82 billion RMB, up 21% from 1.5 billion RMB in the previous year [3] - **Net Profit**: 340 million RMB, doubled from 170 million RMB in the previous year [3] - **Device Shipment**: 300,000 units, a 50% increase from 200,000 units in the previous year [3] Key Financial Highlights - **Revenue Composition**: - Equipment Sales: 1.34 billion RMB (73% of total revenue), with a gross margin of 50% [5] - Software Revenue: 170 million RMB received, expected to exceed 200 million RMB in 2025 [5] - Data and Service Revenue: 24 million RMB [5] - **International Market Contribution**: 72% of total revenue from overseas, with the US accounting for 40% and growing by 35% [6] - **Profitability Goals for 2025**: Targeting over 500 million RMB in profit, with a 25% increase in per capita income [12] Strategic Initiatives - **Future Strategy**: - Stabilize equipment sales and expand into new energy devices and robotics [9] - Transition towards becoming a software company with increased focus on AI applications [10] - Maintain high dividend payout (approximately 80% in 2024) and stock buybacks [10] - **Response to Tariff Challenges**: - Establishing a large warehouse in the US and adjusting product pricing [7] - Implementing a dual-track sales system to mitigate tariff impacts [19] - Exploring assembly plants in Mexico or Canada [19] Data Asset Utilization - **Data Connectivity**: Over 370 million vehicles connected, with 3.3 million active devices weekly [8] - **Diagnostic Reports**: 1.7 billion cumulative reports generated, enhancing value-added services [8] Market Performance and Competition - **Global Market Position**: Strong presence in domestic markets, with significant growth in North America and Europe [31] - **Competitive Strategy**: Focus on product functionality and technological innovation rather than price competition [32] Software and Data Business Growth - **Projected Growth**: Software and data revenue expected to double to 50 million RMB in 2025 [26] - **Revenue Logic**: Software income driven by device sales and active usage, with significant overseas demand [29] Future Outlook - **Management Confidence**: Positive outlook for future financial performance despite market challenges [40] - **Long-term Strategy**: Continued focus on dividends and stock buybacks to enhance shareholder value [40]
首都信息20250410
2025-04-11 02:20
首都信息 20250410 2025-04-11 摘要 • 首都信息 2024 年营收 14.72 亿元,同比增长 3.28%,但归母净利润亏损 1,378 万元,同比减亏 5,913 万元,资产负债率降至 49.49%。毛利率从 27.99%下降至 25.67%,主要由于民生项目研发投入增加,预计 2025 年恢复。 • 公司主营业务收入中,运维及运营服务占比 46.7%,产品软件开发及服务 占比 29.5%,行业解决方案占比 22.9%。未来增长点聚焦于大数据和人 工智能业务,并加强自主创新能力。 • 在人工智能领域,首都信息参与北京市人工智能基础设施建设,并积极与 北京本地及国内厂商合作,专注于行业应用大模型研发,尤其是在政务、 数据处理等垂直领域打造核心竞争力。 • 公司正在积极推进新三板挂牌工作,具体挂牌时间待定。管理层对新三板 挂牌充满信心,并采取措施提升市值管理,包括提升业绩、保持稳定分红 政策及开展市场推广活动。 • 公司坚持高股息政策回馈股东,尽管归母净利润仍然亏损,但为提振投资 者信心,董事会建议派发每年股息。管理层关注公司市值,并采取措施应 对股价下跌,包括深化改革、推进新三板挂牌及确保 ...
中国船舶租赁
2025-04-11 02:20
Summary of the Conference Call for China Ship Leasing Company Overview - The company discussed is China Ship Leasing, which operates in the ship leasing industry and has shown strong financial performance in 2024 with a total of 138 vessels, of which 122 are operational and 16 are under construction [3][4]. Key Financial and Operational Highlights - The company has increased its operational fleet to 128 vessels and its total asset pool to 144 vessels, with an average vessel age of 4.303 years and a remaining lease term of 7.26 years, ensuring stable future revenues [3][4]. - The proportion of dual-fuel vessels is 19.8%, significantly higher than the global average, which helps attract high-quality clients [3]. - The vessel type distribution includes gas carriers (16%), container ships (16%), liquid cargo ships (20%), bulk carriers (24%), and special purpose vessels (20%), providing a balanced approach to market fluctuations [3][4]. Business Strategy and Market Position - Short-term leasing accounts for approximately 20% of the business, contributing 38.6% of profits, reflecting a dual strategy of long-term leasing and investment operations [3][4]. - The company plans to increase domestic RMB assets to hedge against RMB liabilities and reduce exchange rate risks [3]. - The impact of the US 301 tariff hearings, expected to be announced on April 17, 2025, is limited as the company’s operational routes do not currently involve the US [5]. Regulatory and Market Environment - The US tariff policy aims to increase government revenue and attract manufacturing back to the US, with potential countermeasures from China, such as interest rate cuts [7][8]. - The global shipping market is highly concentrated, with major players like Maersk and CMA CGM dominating, making it difficult for them to avoid using Chinese-made vessels despite tariffs [5]. Future Business Development - The company has established a department to expand into non-vessel marine engineering, focusing on domestic markets and projects like road transportation and AIADD emergency power systems [11]. - There is a strategic push for new vessel types, including LNG ships, and participation in polar routes due to climate change, which has made these routes more feasible [12]. Financial Management and Risk Mitigation - The company aims to increase its dividend payout ratio and has reached an agreement with the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) to position itself as a dividend stock [13]. - To manage shipping cycle fluctuations, the company is diversifying its asset allocation, locking in 20% of short-term leases as long-term leases, and optimizing its capital structure [14]. - The company has a risk rating standard that exceeds external ratings, with no large-scale impairment provisions expected in the near future [15]. Financing and Cost Outlook - The company anticipates a 20 basis point reduction in overall financing costs in 2025, benefiting from a declining interest rate environment [16]. - Global trade dynamics are expected to create new opportunities for the shipping industry, with a predicted 1% growth in global trade volume in 2025 [17]. Conclusion - China Ship Leasing is well-positioned in the ship leasing market with a diversified fleet, strategic growth plans, and proactive risk management strategies, making it a potential investment opportunity in the shipping sector.
海天国际20250408
2025-04-08 15:42
Summary of Haitai International Conference Call Company Overview - **Company**: Haitai International - **Industry**: Injection Molding Machinery Key Points and Arguments Business Performance - In Q1 2025, Haitai International showed strong overall business performance with a slight year-on-year decrease in March orders but a double-digit increase month-on-month, indicating good market demand [3][4] - Domestic trade saw a small double-digit year-on-year decline, while foreign trade experienced a double-digit increase, suggesting that the transfer of the industrial chain significantly boosted foreign trade revenues [4] Market Insights - North America accounted for 13.9% of sales, with a notable increase in the share from Mexico. However, order momentum from Mexican customers slowed down from late March due to tariff policy uncertainties [4][5][6] - The company does not plan to establish production capacity in the U.S. due to high labor and raw material costs and a complex policy environment [4][9] Production and Capacity Expansion - Haitai International is continuing the construction of factories in Japan and Serbia, expected to be completed in the second half of 2025, to mitigate domestic risks and diversify its layout [4][8] - Current capital expenditure plans will not be delayed by external factors, and the company aims to maintain its established pace of expansion [8] Order Outlook - The outlook for orders in the coming months (April and May) is uncertain, with a cautious stance due to potential impacts from tariff policies [7] - Current order levels are normal, with approximately three months of production capacity, indicating manageable pressure on performance for the first half of 2025 [16] Market Trends - In 2024, European companies faced a 30%-40% decline in order volume due to high inflation and economic downturns, while Japanese companies benefited from currency depreciation and recovering demand from China [12] - The main downstream sectors for Q1 2025 were consumer goods, automotive, and home appliances, with consumer goods expected to grow the fastest at 100% [14][15] Competitive Landscape - The injection molding industry is not currently facing significant risks from 3D printing technology, as both have distinct applications and advantages [19][20] - The competitive landscape remains stable, with high-end plastic manufacturing potentially returning to the U.S. but low-end products likely remaining in other regions due to cost considerations [18] Global Market Development - Haitai International has established a global presence with factories in Japan, Germany, and Serbia, focusing on developing countries where new capital expenditures are more prevalent [22] - Approximately 15% of overseas revenue comes from domestic companies that have relocated abroad, indicating a long-term partnership history [23] Tariff Policy Impact - Current tariff policies are not fully determined, and their impact on exports and investments will need further observation [25] - If tariffs are imposed on certain countries, it may lead to a cautious approach from export companies, affecting order volumes [25][26] Production Capacity and Future Plans - The company is currently building factories in Japan and Serbia, with plans to increase overseas production capacity from under 5% to around 20% in the next 3 to 5 years [27] - The Mexican factory has advantages in exporting to the U.S. due to tariff exemptions, making it a strategic asset [28] Stock Performance - The company has seen a 10% decline in stock price recently, and while there was a share buyback plan, management has not made a definitive decision on further purchases [30] Additional Important Insights - The company is closely monitoring the impact of tariff policies on its business and is prepared to adjust strategies accordingly [7][25] - The overall sentiment in the market remains cautious, with a focus on maintaining operational stability amid external uncertainties [7][16]
同道猎聘20250408
2025-04-08 15:42
Summary of the Conference Call Company Overview - The company operates in the high-end recruitment market and faced pressure in 2024, with total revenue of 2.08 billion yuan, a year-on-year decline of 8.8%, slightly better than the initial forecast of a 10% decline [3][4] - B-end revenue was 1.761 billion yuan, down 12.9%, impacted by decreased collections in 2023 and limited recovery in demand for high-end talent recruitment in 2024 [3][4] - C-end revenue grew by 23.1% to 318 million yuan, driven by online vocational qualification training, increasing its share to 15.3% [3][4] Financial Performance - Adjusted operating profit for the year was 229 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 64.9%, with an operating profit margin improvement of 5 percentage points [3][4] - Net profit increased 8.6 times to 175 million yuan, while adjusted net profit attributable to shareholders grew by 61.1% to 170 million yuan [3][4] - Total expenses decreased by 16.1% to 1.53 billion yuan, with significant reductions in sales and marketing expenses, R&D expenses, and management expenses [3][4] User Growth and Engagement - By the end of 2024, personal user count reached 106 million, up 11%, with average monthly active users increasing by 5% [3][5] - The number of enterprise users reached 1.43 million, a 10% year-on-year growth, despite a weak overall recruitment demand [5] Product Innovation and AI Application - The company upgraded its B-end enterprise version to an AI version, introducing features like AI intelligent dispatch and interviewers [3][6] - The AI intelligent interviewer product has been iterated to the fifth version, improving interview pass rates by 40% and achieving a 95% consistency rate with expert evaluations [7][6] - The company is focusing on AI technology applications in recruitment, enhancing efficiency and matching accuracy [6][16] Market Outlook and Future Projections - For 2025, cash collections are expected to remain stable, with a slight decline in revenue anticipated, although better than 2024 [9][11] - The company plans to introduce a stable and sustainable shareholder return scheme, potentially including dividends and stock buybacks [13][14] - The demand for high-end talent is expected to grow in specific sectors like AI, autonomous driving, and semiconductors, while larger industries like internet and real estate show no significant increase in recruitment [10][11] Strategic Focus - The company aims to leverage AI applications in human resource management and enhance its position in the recruitment industry [20] - Future strategies will focus on shareholder returns and exploring new revenue growth opportunities through AI and technology integration [20]
优然牧业20250408
2025-04-08 15:42
优然牧业 20250408 摘要 Q&A 请介绍一下悠然牧业在 2024 年的整体业绩情况。 悠然牧业在 2024 年取得了显著的成绩,尽管行业面临挑战,公司坚持高质量发 展,深耕经营管理,实现了业务和财务指标的全面向好。全年总收入增长 7.5%, 达到 210 亿元,整体毛利率提升 4.9 个百分点至 28.8%。原来业务收入实现 151 亿元,同比增长 17%;毛利为 49.14 亿元,同比增长 33.8%。特色奶品类增至 8 个品类。牧场运营效率持续提升,全国 97 个牧场平均年化单产提高五个百分点, 达到 12.6 吨。解决方案业务收入为 50 亿元,毛利为 8.4 亿元,同比增加 8.4%, • 悠然牧业 2024 年原奶业务收入 151 亿元,同比增长 17%,毛利率提升 4.9 个百分点至 28.8%。牧场运营效率提升,平均年化单产提高 5%至 12.6 吨。 解决方案业务收入 50 亿元,毛利率达 16.8%。 • 展望 2025 年,全国奶产能呈下降趋势,消费刺激政策有望改善供需关系。 悠然牧业目标单产提升至 13 吨,产量预计实现中双位数增长,资本开支继 续下降,经营现金流预计持续向好。 ...
金蝶国际20250408
2025-04-08 15:42
Key Points Summary of Kingdee International Conference Call Company Overview - **Company**: Kingdee International - **Industry**: Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Cloud Computing Core Insights and Arguments - **ERP Market Growth**: The ERP market is showing significant improvement in competitive landscape and management optimization, with strong growth expected throughout the year. ERP companies are projected to achieve net inflows in the billions, with valuations around 20 to 30 times sales, making them ideal for medium to long-term investments [3][4][6] - **Cloud Transformation Strategy**: Kingdee has firmly committed to a cloud transformation strategy since 2014, with cloud revenue now accounting for over 80% of total revenue. The company anticipates returning to profitability by 2025, with a projected operating cash flow of over 13 billion yuan [3][6][10] - **Product Structure and Innovation**: Kingdee has developed a comprehensive product structure covering large, medium, and small enterprises, demonstrating strategic resilience through industry cycles. The company has launched various platforms tailored to different customer sizes, enhancing its market reach [3][5][8][17] - **Financial Performance**: Kingdee's financial performance has improved since 2022, with operating cash flow reaching 9.3 billion yuan in 2024 and expected to exceed 13 billion yuan in 2025. The company has effectively controlled sales and R&D expenses, contributing to its optimistic financial outlook [6][10][23] - **Management Software as AI Core**: Management software is viewed as a critical vehicle for AI development in enterprises, with Kingdee leveraging its experience and technological advantages to maintain a competitive edge in this area [7][14][16] - **Strategic Adjustments**: Kingdee has undergone multiple management structure adjustments to enhance operational efficiency, transitioning from a linear to a regional structure and finally to a divisional structure to better align sales, delivery, and product iteration [11][12] Additional Important Insights - **Customer Contribution**: In 2024, large customers contributed approximately 25% of Kingdee's revenue, with rapid growth observed in this segment. The company is expected to continue expanding its large customer base, which will drive future growth [13][23] - **AI and Agent Technology**: Kingdee has made significant strides in AI and agent technology, establishing a complete agent product based on its platforms. The company plans to enhance its offerings by integrating third-party models to address various business scenarios [19][22] - **SaaS Payment Model Trends**: The future of the SaaS payment model may shift towards pay-per-use, allowing for value-sharing based on customer savings, which could alleviate profit release concerns [21] - **Market Positioning**: Kingdee's strategic initiatives, including establishing a presence in the Middle East and focusing on platform ecosystem development, position the company favorably for future growth in emerging markets [12][23] This summary encapsulates the key points discussed in the conference call, highlighting Kingdee International's strategic direction, financial outlook, and market positioning within the ERP and cloud computing industry.
名创优品20250408
2025-04-08 15:42
Summary of the Conference Call for Miniso Company Overview - The conference call discusses Miniso, a retail company known for its affordable products and strong presence in both domestic and international markets, particularly in the United States and Europe. Key Points and Arguments Response to Tariffs - Miniso has implemented various strategies to mitigate the risks associated with increased tariffs in the U.S. as of early 2024. This includes enhancing its overseas supply chain, particularly increasing local sourcing in the U.S. to reduce reliance on Chinese suppliers. [3][4] - The company has managed to maintain a gross margin of approximately 70% in the U.S. market, even after two rounds of tariff adjustments from 10% to 20%. [3][4] Supply Chain and Procurement - As of early 2025, 30%-40% of Miniso's products are sourced through local supply chains in the U.S., although the company still relies on Chinese and other overseas suppliers to maintain cost advantages. [4][5] - The company plans to focus on 20 states in the U.S. to enhance operational efficiency and optimize resource allocation. [6] Sales Growth and Store Expansion - Miniso anticipates a same-store sales growth rate of 15%-18% in Q1 2025, with domestic growth expected to be in the mid-single digits and overseas growth projected at 20%-25%. The company plans to open 900 new stores globally, including 800 Miniso stores and 100 TT stores. [4][8] - The average payback period for domestic franchisees has extended from 12 months in 2023 to 15 months in 2024, yet over 90% of franchisees remain profitable, indicating a healthy investment return. [4][14] IP Strategy and Product Innovation - Miniso is actively pursuing a refined IP operation strategy, focusing on product design innovation and diversifying IP selection. The company is exploring collaborations with emerging artists and brands to enhance its product offerings. [4][15][16] - The company has extended the lifecycle of its IP products through iterative upgrades, significantly enhancing its product design capabilities. [19] Market Potential and Strategy in the U.S. - The U.S. market is viewed as highly promising, with Miniso's strategy focusing on refined operations and cost control. The company plans to adjust its strategy if tariffs increase significantly, potentially shifting focus to the European market. [7][24] - Miniso has nearly 300 stores in the U.S. and aims to optimize inventory turnover and operational efficiency in 2025. [24] Challenges and Adjustments - The company faces challenges in both domestic and overseas markets, necessitating adjustments in its operational strategies. In the U.S., the focus is on refining store operations and enhancing supply chain efficiency. [23][24] - Miniso's overseas operations are adapting to macroeconomic changes, including tariff impacts, by dynamically adjusting the ratio of franchise to direct stores. [21] Financial Performance and Stock Response - Recent tariff impacts have pressured Miniso's stock price, prompting the company to engage in share buybacks to protect shareholder interests and signal confidence in future growth. [30] Additional Important Insights - Miniso's franchisee profitability remains robust despite extended payback periods, indicating resilience in its business model. [14][28] - The company is committed to expanding its IP offerings internationally, with plans to introduce 100 Chinese IPs to global markets over the next decade. [27] - The overall IP product share in overseas markets exceeds 40%, with the U.S. market showing a higher proportion of around 60%. [29]