1. Report Industry Investment Rating - No investment rating for the industry is provided in the report. 2. Core Viewpoints - Prudent control of the scale of bond net - buying is the most appropriate approach at the initial stage of restarting bond purchases to avoid the superposition and resonance of the two channels affecting bond yields [1][3] - The ideal state is that investors treat information on treasury bond trading operations like daily open - market reverse repurchase operations, and the central bank can flexibly use open - market treasury bond trading tools to inject base money and adjust bank - system liquidity without overly affecting bond yields [4] 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs Why did the central bank only purchase 50 billion yuan of treasury bonds? - On January 5, 2026, the People's Bank of China announced the liquidity injection situation of the central bank's various tools in December 2025, showing a net liquidity injection of 50 billion yuan through open - market treasury bond trading tools. Compared with the monthly net purchases of 100 - 300 billion yuan from August to December 2024, the monthly net purchases of 20 - 50 billion yuan since the restart of treasury bond trading in October 2025 are relatively small. Prudent control of the purchase scale is appropriate in the initial months after restarting bond purchases [1] Impact of open - market treasury bond trading on bond yields - Open - market treasury bond trading affects bond yields through two channels. The asset - liability - sheet channel is that the central bank's trading of treasury bonds changes market supply - and - demand relations, and the expected channel is that investors trade on the information of the central bank's treasury bond trading, increasing the volatility of bond yields. The decline in yields largely comes from the expected channel [2] Measures to suppress the impact of the expected channel - The way to suppress the second channel is to dilute investors' attention to the central bank's bond purchases and weaken the relationship between the central bank's bond purchases and yields. At the beginning of restarting bond purchases, it is necessary to control the scale of bond net purchases to avoid the superposition of the two channels. When the market no longer overly focuses on the central bank's bond - purchase scale, the central bank can gradually increase the scale [3]

2、二级市场表现 价格走势：2025年12月1日-2025年12月31日（以下简称"本月"），我国已上市公募REITs的二级市场价格 整体延续上月的波动下行趋势：中证REITs（收盘）和中证REITs全收益指数分别收于778.6和1009.84，本 月回报率分别为-3.77%和-2.93%。与其他主流大类资产相比，回报率由高至低排序分别为：A股>可转债> 黄金>纯债>美股>REITs>原油。 从项目属性来看，产权类REITs和特许经营权类REITs的二级市场价格均有所下跌，其中，特许经营权类 REITs的跌幅更大。从底层资产类型来看，本月新型基础设施类REITs涨幅最大。本月，回报率表现较好 的底层资产类别为新型基础设施类和保障房类。从单只REIT层面来看，有23只REITs上涨，有55只REITs 下跌。涨跌幅方面，涨幅排名前三的分别是华泰南京建邺REIT、中金重庆两江REIT和华夏基金华润有巢 REIT。 点击注册小程序 查看完整报告 特别申明： 本订阅号中所涉及的证券研究信息由光大证券研究所编写，仅面向光大证券专业投资者客户，用作新媒体形势下研究 信息和研究观点的沟通交流。非光大证券专业投资者客户，请勿 ...

Core Viewpoint - Demar Technology (688360.SH) received an administrative regulatory measure decision from the Zhejiang Securities Regulatory Bureau, indicating violations related to the use of raised funds and inaccurate information disclosure [1][2][3]. Group 1: Regulatory Violations - From July 30 to August 5, 2020, Demar Technology used raised funds to pay unrelated land fees amounting to 5.8 million yuan [1]. - Between August 31, 2020, and September 27, 2023, the company used raised funds to cover expenses for a non-project "landscape restaurant" totaling 3.9451 million yuan [1]. - The company disclosed inaccuracies in its semi-annual and annual reports regarding the management and use of raised funds from March 2021 to August 2025 [1]. Group 2: Accountability of Company Personnel - The chairman and general manager, Zhuo Xu, the then financial officer, Chen Xueqiang, the then board secretary, Guo Aihua, and the current financial director and board secretary, Huang Hai, failed to ensure proper use of raised funds and fulfill information disclosure obligations [2]. - The actions of these individuals violated multiple regulations outlined in the Securities Regulatory Guidelines and Information Disclosure Management Measures [2]. Group 3: Regulatory Measures and Company Response - The Zhejiang Securities Regulatory Bureau decided to issue warning letters to the company and the aforementioned individuals, which will be recorded in the securities market integrity archives [3]. - Demar Technology expressed its commitment to addressing the issues raised in the decision and will submit a written rectification report to the Zhejiang Securities Regulatory Bureau within the specified timeframe [3]. - The company aims to enhance its compliance with securities laws and improve the quality of information disclosure to protect the interests of shareholders and promote stable, high-quality development [3]. Group 4: Company Financial Information - Demar Technology was listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange's Sci-Tech Innovation Board on June 2, 2020, issuing 21,419,150 shares at a price of 25.12 yuan per share [4]. - The total amount raised from the initial public offering was 538.049 million yuan, with a net amount of 460.9362 million yuan, exceeding the original fundraising target by 82.9551 million yuan [4]. - The total issuance costs for the IPO were 77.1128 million yuan, with Everbright Securities receiving 55.5799 million yuan in underwriting and sponsorship fees [4].

上述处罚表明，监管部门对投行业务的执业质量要求日益提高。而在强化事后惩戒的同时，监管层也在完善激励引导机制。2025年12月30日，中国证券业 协会发布了《证券公司投行业务质量评价办法》，新增"支持上市公司并购重组"专项评价指标。业内人士认为，这一办法旨在以正向激励引导券商提升财 务顾问等业务质量，与严格的处罚措施形成"疏堵结合"的监管合力。 分支机构违规高发挑战内控底线 证券公司分支机构依然是违规行为的"高发区"。同花顺iFind数据显示，据不完全统计，近一半的违规行为来自于券商分公司或营业部，其中从业人员的道 德风险与操作风险是主要问题。 回顾2025年的中国证券业，"严监管"仍是贯穿全年的主旋律。纵观全年各类监管措施，两大特点尤为突出：一方面，高额罚单集中在投行业务领域；另一 方面，证券公司分支机构仍是违规行为的高发区，从代客理财、违规炒股、"飞单"、两融绕标交易，乱象频出，治理挑战依旧严峻。 千万级罚单直指尽调失职 iFind数据显示，2025年各地监管部门累计开出9张涉及罚款的罚单，罚没金额在万元以上的有7张。多家券商因投行业务未勤勉尽责收到大额罚单，处罚 均同时针对机构及相关直接责任人员。其中，年 ...

光期研究 见微知著 股指期货策略月报 202 6 年 1 月 1 光大证券 2020 年 半 年 度 业 绩 E V E R B R I G H T S E C U R I T I E S 股指期货："跨年行情"可能缺席 1、盘面逻辑存在背离 我们认为，1月指数继续在中枢内震荡的概率较高，指数级别冲破中枢向上的条件可能还未成熟。春季躁动行情需要一定的条 件，对小盘指数而言，需要政策边际放宽流动性；对大盘而言，需要通胀预期的持续改善。当下上述条件并不突出。从盘面来看， 三组逻辑背离可能支撑上述观点：（1）价格持续上涨但成交量未明显增加；（2）融资余额上涨但指数隐含波动率回落；（3） A500ETF大幅申购但IF净空头增加。上述逻辑背离表明市场可能并未对指数向上突破做好准备，12月下旬的指数走强更多是题材轮 动引发的短期资金热情。 2、当前基本面环境与历史上"跨年行情"存在差异 历史上1月指数涨跌幅的绝对值水平确实高于其他月份，存在明显的"跨年行情"。我们以2017年至2025年的连续9年作为样本。 中证1000在其中7年的1月录得负增长，其中2022年和2024年均由流动性收窄引发较大跌幅。仅2020年1月和2 ...

Company Overview - Wanyiyi Medical has submitted a listing application to the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, with Everbright Securities International as the sole sponsor [1] - The company is positioned as a leading AI-driven solution provider in China, focusing on physician talent development, academic exchange, education, and research outcome transformation [1] Market Position - According to Frost & Sullivan, Wanyiyi Medical ranks first in the comprehensive AI solution market for medical academia, education, and research in China based on comparable revenue for 2024 [1] Core Business - The core business includes two types of AI-driven revenue-generating solutions: a full-process solution for medical academic activities provided through the MedEvent platform, and digital solutions for medical learning and education offered via the MedAssistant system [1] - Wanyiyi Medical has also launched the MedEvidence intelligent tool suite, which includes an AI evidence assistant to support physician-led research processes [1] Market Growth - The market for medical academic, education, and research solutions in China is continuously growing, with the comprehensive AI solution market expected to have a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 34.8% from 2024 to 2030, reaching a market size of 33.9 billion RMB by 2030 [1]

Group 1 - The A-share market experienced a steady upward trend in December, with major indices showing increased trading volume and a gradual recovery in market sentiment, indicating a shift from trading factors to fundamental factors dominating the market [4] - The total outstanding credit bonds in China reached 31.29 trillion yuan by the end of December 2025, with a net financing of 176.67 billion yuan for the month, despite a 17.19% month-on-month decline in issuance [4] - The new public fund sales regulations released by the China Securities Regulatory Commission on December 31, 2025, are expected to impact bank wealth management asset allocation behaviors, with public funds held amounting to 1.34 trillion yuan as of Q3 2025 [5] Group 2 - The Hong Kong insurance sector is anticipated to benefit from a strong "opening red" performance, driven by favorable sales in January and a positive investment return outlook due to a stable equity market [6] - The direct and indirect exports of steel, copper, and aluminum are projected to account for 24%, 17%, and 21% of domestic production in 2024, with expectations of improved export conditions in 2026 due to easing US-China trade tensions [6] - The annual long-term electricity price in Guangdong for 2026 is expected to reflect current operating costs of thermal power, with average profitability estimated at 0.02 yuan per kilowatt-hour based on average coal prices from 2025 [7] Group 3 - Tesla's Q4 2025 deliveries fell short of expectations, while NIO regained the top position among new energy vehicle manufacturers in December, with the continuation of the trade-in subsidy policy likely to boost sales in 2026 [8]

Core Viewpoint - The article analyzes the evolution of Japan's banking crisis in the 1990s, highlighting the stages of crisis development, causes, reforms, and the subsequent recovery of the real estate and banking sectors [4][5][6][7]. Group 1: Stages of the Banking Crisis - The banking crisis in Japan during the 1990s can be divided into three stages: 1. Following the "Plaza Accord," the Bank of Japan significantly lowered interest rates, leading to increased speculation in the stock and real estate markets as investment returns weakened in the real economy [4]. 2. In the early 1990s, policies shifted to burst the asset bubble, severely damaging the balance sheets of households and businesses, with risks accumulating [4]. 3. The increase in "special loans" and deteriorating asset quality, compounded by the Asian financial crisis, led to risks spreading from small to large institutions [4]. Group 2: Causes of the Crisis - The main causes of the banking crisis include: 1. The wave of financial liberalization intensified "disintermediation," with a lax regulatory environment and aggressive operational styles among institutions, leading to increased stock investments and a focus on real estate lending [5]. 2. The main bank system created a strong bond between banks and enterprises, hindering the timely disposal of problematic assets and increasing risk contagion [5]. 3. The "escort fleet" mechanism resulted in a lack of risk isolation among institutions, with strong administrative protection hindering the clearance of non-performing assets [5]. Group 3: Reforms Post-Crisis - The post-crisis period saw two major phases of concentrated reforms aimed at risk disposal: 1. The late 1990s financial "big bang" reforms abandoned government protection, established the Financial Supervisory Agency, and improved regulatory effectiveness, alongside legal processes for handling failing institutions [6]. 2. The "Financial Revitalization Plan" focused on the disposal of non-performing assets and initiated business rectification for poorly performing institutions, while the government used "preferred shares with conversion rights" to enhance market operations and expedite capital recovery [6]. Group 4: Structural Recovery in Real Estate - In the post-crisis era, Japan's real estate sector experienced structural recovery with regional differentiation: - Major urban areas like Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya saw net population inflows, supporting the real estate market, with a rapid recovery in apartment transaction volumes and prices [7]. - The development of REITs in the early 21st century improved financing channels for real estate companies, enhancing transaction liquidity [7]. - Leading real estate firms shifted from a heavy asset and capital model to a more refined approach, increasing the proportion of light asset and light cycle businesses while expanding into overseas markets [7]. Group 5: Changes in Banking Operations - The banking sector in Japan post-crisis exhibited five key characteristics: 1. The pace of scale expansion slowed, with a focus on defensive asset allocation, increasing the proportion of high liquidity and low-risk assets [8]. 2. Different types of banks showed varied asset allocation behaviors, with urban banks diversifying their business structures and increasing overseas asset allocations [8]. 3. The liability side showed a clear trend towards savings and demand deposits, with a widening duration gap in asset-liability management [8]. 4. Overseas investment styles remained conservative, primarily focusing on investment-grade corporate bonds, with a relatively weak stability in funding sources [8]. 5. The contribution of fee-based and intermediary business revenues increased, with urban banks showing a distinct advantage [8]. Group 6: Lessons from Risk Disposal and Development - Four key lessons can be drawn from Japan's experience in risk disposal and post-crisis development: 1. Risk evolution is characterized by time lags, non-linearity, and diffusion, with regulatory laxity exacerbating crises [10]. 2. Excessive reliance on fiscal injections and administrative restructuring for non-performing asset disposal has slowed the establishment of market competition mechanisms [10]. 3. Caution is needed in overseas expansion regarding geopolitical, exchange rate, and maturity mismatch risks, necessitating dynamic hedging mechanisms for global asset allocation [10]. 4. In an aging and low-interest environment, institutional innovation is required to reshape the financial intermediary function and break inefficient equilibria [10].

光大证券研究所 祝您2026元旦快乐 光大 证券 EVEBRIGHT SECURITIES 1 点击上方"光大证券研究"可以订阅哦 ...

来源：光大证券 核心观点一：从震荡的四季度到春季行情。2025年12月A股先跌后涨，整体窄幅震荡。但月中，中长期 资金开始逐步入市，其再次成为了市场的稳定器，叠加居民资金的持续流入，十二月下旬市场持续上 行，春季行情表现值得期待。 核心观点三：春季行情的风格与方向。历史上春季行情通常以成长与顺周期两条主线为主。从往年春季 行情中各板块的表现来看，成长板块在大多数时候均有不错的表现，此外，顺周期板块成为主线的次数 也较高，而成长+周期双主线的情景在过去13次春季行情中共出现过6次。相关行业的行情短期有较强 持续性，不过春季行情中的强势行业未必会成为年度主线。对于今年而言，我们认为消费与成长有望成 为春季行情的两条主线。 核心观点一：从震荡的四季度到春季行情。2025年12月A股先跌后涨，整体窄幅震荡。但月中，中长期 资金开始逐步入市，其再次成为了市场的稳定器，叠加居民资金的持续流入，十二月下旬市场持续上 行，春季行情表现值得期待。 核心观点二：对春季行情保持耐心。春季行情多数年份都存在，不过表现有明显差异，当前来看，12月 下旬的上涨或许就是本轮春季行情的起点。不过需要注意的是，从历史规律来看，上证指数当年1月 ...