1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided in the document. 2. Core Views of the Report - In 2025, the real estate market continued to adjust, with an accelerated decline in the second half of the year. The prices of second - hand and new houses decreased, and the sales area and investment also declined. The financing environment of real - estate enterprises did not improve substantially, but debt restructuring made progress [4]. - In 2026, real estate policies will remain marginally loose. Demand - side policies aim to lower actual mortgage rates, and supply - side policies focus on controlling increments and reducing inventories to optimize the supply - demand structure. The market will likely continue to adjust, but the adjustment amplitude will narrow. Sales may stop falling and stabilize if mortgage rates can be effectively lowered, and investment decline will also narrow [5]. - In 2026, the bond repayment pressure of state - owned real - estate enterprises is mainly concentrated in the domestic bond market and has decreased compared to previous years. The bond maturity volume of private real - estate enterprises has significantly declined, and the overall repayment pressure is low. The credit risk of real - estate bonds will tend to be stable, but the debt repayment situation of individual private enterprises still needs attention. Debt restructuring of real - estate enterprises will continue to accelerate [6]. 3. Summary According to the Directory 3.1 2025 Real Estate Policy Review - **Accelerating inventory reduction and optimizing supply structure**: Supply - side policies centered on "controlling increments, reducing inventories, and optimizing supply". "Controlling increments" involved matching land and new housing supply as needed and controlling new land use in surplus areas. In 2025, the land supply in third - tier cities contracted rapidly, and 1202.1 billion yuan of land reserve special bonds were used to acquire idle land. "Reducing inventories" aimed to clear market inventories and ensure people's livelihoods through measures such as converting existing commercial housing into affordable housing and urban village renovation. "Optimizing supply" promoted the upgrading of housing quality with the construction of "good houses" [9][11][12]. - **Strengthening the implementation of financing support for housing delivery**: The focus of the "housing delivery guarantee" work shifted from "mechanism establishment" to "financing implementation". By October 2025, the approved loan amount for "whitelist" projects exceeded 7 trillion yuan, but there were challenges such as intensified project qualification differentiation and a time lag between approval and loan disbursement [15]. - **Marginal relaxation of demand - side policies**: Demand - side policies continued to be refined to reduce the cost of home - buying and release rigid and improved housing demand. In 2025, the purchase restrictions in Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen were significantly relaxed, the down - payment ratio was lowered, the provident fund loan interest rate was reduced, and the loan amount was increased [16]. 3.2 2025 Real Estate Market Operation - **Price performance**: Second - hand house prices continued to fall, with the decline first narrowing slightly and then widening significantly. In December, the year - on - year decline in 70 - city second - hand house prices was 6.1%, and first - tier cities showed a "catch - up decline" feature. New house prices also continued to fall, with a 3.0% year - on - year decline in 70 - city new commercial housing prices in December [21][24]. - **Sales performance**: The real - estate sales continued to be deeply adjusted in 2025. The annual commercial housing sales area was 881.01 million square meters, a year - on - year decrease of 8.7%, and the sales volume was 8393.7 billion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 12.6%. The market activity was low, and the daily average transaction volume in 30 cities was weak [25][30]. - **Investment performance**: Real - estate development investment accelerated its decline in 2025, with the annual investment completion amount of 8278.8 billion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 17.2%. The sources of development funds decreased by 13.4% year - on - year. New construction, construction, and completion areas all decreased. The land market was cold, with a 14.2% year - on - year decrease in the planned construction area of residential land in 100 large and medium - sized cities [35][36][42]. 3.3 2025 Real - Estate Bond Market Performance - **Issuance and net financing**: In 2025, the total issuance of domestic and overseas real - estate bonds was 796.9 billion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 93.3%. The net financing gap narrowed significantly. Domestic bonds: 83 real - estate enterprises issued 413 domestic real - estate bonds, with a total issuance of 360.95 billion yuan, and the net financing gap was 62.96 billion yuan. Overseas bonds: 74 overseas real - estate bonds were issued, with a total issuance of 61.8 billion US dollars, and the net financing turned positive [49][50][60]. - **Credit risk evolution**: From 2021 to 2025, 65 domestic and overseas bond default and extension entities were added, with 2 in 2025. The event of Vanke's bond extension in 2025 had a significant impact on the market, affecting market confidence, financing environment, and industry differentiation [62][70]. - **Debt resolution of troubled real - estate enterprises**: Since 2024, the debt - resolution strategy has shifted to "substantial debt reduction + structural optimization". In 2025, investors became more accepting of debt reduction, and the debt - resolution approach changed from partial and scattered disposal to overall restructuring. Debt - resolution tools became more diversified. For example, CIFI Group's debt restructuring verified the feasibility of the "substantial debt reduction" plan [72][73][74]. - **Secondary - market price changes and spread fluctuations**: In 2025, the number of abnormal price movements in the secondary market of real - estate bonds decreased. The spread of real - estate bonds showed a trend of "oscillating downward and rising at the end of the year", and was more affected by the overall credit - bond market [77][80]. 3.4 2026 Real Estate Industry and Real - Estate Bond Market Outlook - **Policy outlook**: In 2026, real - estate policies will remain marginally loose. Demand - side policies will focus on guiding the actual mortgage rate to decline, and supply - side policies will continue to control increments and reduce inventories. However, the short - term stimulus policies will not be significantly stronger than in 2025 [87]. - **Market outlook**: The real - estate market will likely continue to adjust in 2026, but the adjustment amplitude will narrow. If the actual mortgage rate can be effectively lowered, the sales may stop falling and stabilize, and the investment decline will also narrow [97]. - **Credit risk outlook**: In 2026, the total maturity scale of domestic and overseas real - estate bonds is 596.4 billion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 12.9%. The debt repayment pressure of state - owned real - estate enterprises has decreased, and that of private real - estate enterprises is low. The overall credit risk of the real - estate industry will tend to be stable, but the debt repayment of individual private enterprises needs attention [99]. - **Debt - resolution path outlook**: Debt restructuring through substantial debt reduction and diversified innovative debt tools will continue to accelerate in 2026. The market trend and the transformation and development of real - estate enterprises will be the two key variables affecting the debt - resolution process [103].

Core Viewpoint - Chongqing Fupu New Materials Technology Co., Ltd. has initiated the listing guidance for A-share IPO with the support of Zheshang Securities, marking a significant step in its growth strategy [1] Company Overview - Fupu New Materials was established in 2016 with a registered capital of 430 million yuan [1] - The company specializes in the production and sales of ready-mixed ordinary and special concrete, prefabricated building components, autoclaved aerated concrete panels and blocks, building mortar, cement, and additives, positioning itself as a comprehensive green building materials manufacturer [1] Financial Performance - In 2022, Fupu New Materials achieved a revenue of 2.85864 billion yuan, ranking 81st among the top 100 private enterprises in Chongqing in 2023 [1] Partnerships - The company collaborates with major state-owned enterprises and real estate firms, including China Merchants Shekou, China National Nuclear Corporation, China Railway Construction Corporation, China Hydropower, Longfor, Vanke, and Jinmao Group [1]

王石早年的拐点论在2008年金融危机中显出先见。 那时候市场一片火热，房价年均涨超10%，很多房企忙着扩张土地储备。 王石却公开说房价上涨势头快到头，推动万科清库存降价卖房。 王石这些预言准确，源于对周期的把握。2008年后市场调整，2009年房价回调，万科销售领先。 2013年警告后，2014年增速放缓，万科全球布局优。2016年泡沫提醒后，2017年房价收窄，万科数字化提效。 2018年后，万科渡过2019至2021年波动。多次命中靠经济周期洞察。 王石不盲从，基于数据和历史经验。房企学他，注重现金流和风险控。 结果危机一来，全国房价短期回调，万科靠现金流稳住了阵脚。其他企业高负债拿地，后期资金链吃紧。 王石的判断基于全球经济周期，避免了盲目跟风。这次预言让万科在行业低谷中领先。 转到2013年，王石又通过媒体提醒房价泡沫风险。他拿日本90年代地产崩盘举例，说中国需防类似路径。 那年土地成交金额破纪录，一线城市房价涨15%。王石建议房企转租赁业务，优化资产。万科跟着调整，负债率低于平均水平。 次年市场增速放缓，二三线房价跌。王石的国际视角帮万科避开高价地陷阱。 行业数据显示，那时许多企业债务上扬，王石的预 ...

Core Viewpoint - The A-share listed real estate companies are facing significant losses in 2025, with 74% of the 77 companies that released earnings forecasts expecting to report losses totaling approximately 208.2-209.4 billion yuan, indicating a deep industry adjustment [2][4]. Group 1: Loss Forecasts - Among the companies, Vanke is expected to incur the largest loss of 820 billion yuan, marking the highest loss in A-share real estate history, a 65.7% increase from 2024 [4]. - Other companies with substantial losses include China Fortune Land Development (160-240 billion yuan), Greenland Holdings (160-190 billion yuan), and China Overseas Land & Investment (130-155 billion yuan) [4][5]. - The overall decline in sales volume and prices is reflected in the financial metrics, with a reported 8.7% decrease in new housing sales area and a 12.6% drop in sales revenue [5]. Group 2: Common Challenges - The primary reasons for the losses include weak sales leading to reduced profit recognition, as profits from real estate sales are recognized with a lag [6]. - Despite diversification efforts, companies remain heavily reliant on real estate development, which has been underperforming during the industry downturn, limiting their ability to offset losses from core operations [6]. - Asset impairment provisions have surged due to declining real estate prices, with Vanke reporting over 50 billion yuan in impairments, significantly impacting overall losses [6]. Group 3: Notable Exceptions - Kaisa Group stands out as a positive example, projecting a net profit of 300-350 billion yuan for 2025, primarily due to debt restructuring gains of 680-700 billion yuan [7]. - The company has shifted its focus from traditional real estate development to light asset operations, including property services and commercial management, to enhance resilience against market fluctuations [7]. Group 4: Industry Outlook - The year 2025 is seen as a critical period for the real estate sector, with ongoing adjustments expected to lead to a gradual recovery starting in 2026, supported by favorable policies and market improvements [11][12]. - Regulatory measures are being implemented to stabilize the financing environment and stimulate demand, which may help quality companies regain market share while weaker firms face potential elimination [11][12].

Recent Events - In the second quarter of 2026, the company will face a significant debt maturity peak, totaling approximately 6.5 billion yuan, with the next tranche of RMB bonds maturing in April. This upcoming debt requires the company to secure funding for repayment, indicating ongoing liquidity pressure [1]. Company Status - Certain bonds, such as "21 Vanke 02" and "21 Vanke 04," among seven others, will be transferred as specific bonds starting from February 6, 2026. The pricing method will shift from net price to full price, and the investor scope will be limited to professional institutional investors. This measure is part of the company's debt management strategy aimed at alleviating short-term liquidity pressure [2]. Financial Status - The year 2026 is viewed as a critical year for the company's debt repayment pressure, as it must address the concentrated maturity of public market debts. The ability to mitigate risks will depend on factors such as sales recovery, asset disposal progress, and support from shareholders. Additionally, the company disclosed an expanded loss in its 2025 performance forecast, although its operational service business remains stable. The major shareholder, Shenzhen Metro Group, has provided over 30 billion yuan in loan support. The company has stated it will focus on asset optimization and debt resolution, but operational challenges remain severe [3].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is that Vanke A is closely monitoring changes in the real estate market across the country and in Hong Kong, and is implementing flexible strategies to respond to these changes [1] - The company's operations in Hong Kong are reported to be stable [1]

Core Viewpoint - Vanke A has been actively involved in the Shenzhen real estate market since 1988, offering a range of well-received products and services to enhance residential experiences and asset values [1]. Group 1: Company Development - The company has launched several successful projects over the past 38 years, including City Garden, Four Seasons Flower City, Golden Home, Fifth Garden, Vanke City, Tianqin Bay, and the Zhen series [1]. - Vanke A has developed comprehensive projects such as Vanke Cloud City and Vanke Tianyu, contributing to the overall development of the area [1]. Group 2: Community Services - In addition to residential property development, the company operates community services and commercial projects through Vanke Cloud, aimed at improving living experiences and asset values [1]. - The company utilizes the "Easy Selection Housing" mini-program for investors to inquire about its development projects in Shenzhen [1]. Group 3: Market Adaptation - As a real estate enterprise rooted in Shenzhen, the company continuously strives to adapt to local market conditions and policy directions, optimizing products and services based on customer housing needs [1].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is that Vanke A clarified on an interactive platform that its historical net profit attributable to shareholders can only be used for dividends or retained as equity on the balance sheet, and relevant data can be found in the company's annual reports [1] Group 2 - The company emphasizes transparency by directing investors to its annual reports for detailed financial data [1] - The statement highlights the company's commitment to shareholder returns through dividends or retention of earnings [1] - The interaction with investors reflects the company's approach to maintaining open communication regarding its financial practices [1]

Core Viewpoint - Vanke A's board of directors has been elected, and the qualifications of the four independent directors meet the requirements of domestic and foreign listing rules [1] Group 1 - The newly elected board consists of four independent directors who are fulfilling their responsibilities in accordance with relevant requirements [1] - The independent directors possess expertise in finance, real estate, investment, and technology, contributing constructive suggestions for corporate governance and operational development [1]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - No industry investment rating is provided in the report. 2. Core Viewpoints - The Chinese/HK properties performed strongly overall, especially VNKRLE bonds due to the reported SZ government rescue plan for Vanke. The deflationary pressure in China continued to ease in early 2026, and mild price reflation is expected in 2026, which should improve corporate profitability and support the capital - market performance of materials and cyclical sectors [2][3][12]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs Trading Desk Comments - Yesterday, the new CHIFEN 7.4 02/13/29 lowered by up to 1.0pt from RO at par. Chinese AMC space was firm, while HK bank T2s BNKEA/NANYAN widened 5 - 6bps, and Chinese TMTs KUAISH/MEITUA widened 2 - 5bps. Higher - beta names FRESHK 26 - 29s/ZHOSHK 28 closed 7 - 13bps wider. EHICAR 27 dropped 2.1pts, and EHICAR 26 closed 0.3pt lower. VNKRLE 27' and 29' surged 8.0 - 8.8pts on the SZ government rescue plan report. LNGFOR 27 - 32s/FUTLAN 28/FTLNHD 26 - 27 edged 0.1 - 0.4pt higher. Seazen Group raised HKD472.3mn (cUSD60.4mn) through a private share placement. LASUDE 26 rose 1.5pts, NWDEVL/VDNWDL complex gained 0.2 - 0.9pt, and FAEACO 12.814 Perp closed 0.8pt higher. In SE Asian space, PTTGC 31 - 52s widened 1 - 5bps, PTTGC Perps leaked 0.1 - 0.2pt, VLLPM 27 - 29 were down 1.0 - 1.8pts, and SMCGL Perps were 0.1pt higher. In KR space, POHANG/SKBTAM/HYNMTR/LGENSO stabilized. In JP space, there were selling flows on 10yr bank papers, Japanese insurance subs edged 0.1pt firmer, and Yankee AT1s leaked 0.1 - 0.3pt. In the Middle East, BSFRs were 0.1pt lower to 0.1pt higher, and long - end KSAs traded up to 0.4pt higher [2]. - This morning, MEITUA/KUAISH recovered to 3 - 5bps tighter. There was better selling on FRESHKs, FAEACO 12.814 Perp gained 1.6pts higher, EHICAR 26 dropped 2.3pts, and ACPM 4.85 Perp/HYSAN 4.85 Perp were 0.6 - 0.8pt lower. VNKRLE 27' and 29' edged 0.1 - 0.2pt higher after yesterday's jump [3]. - In the LGFV space, there was deployment demand from institutions, lifting offers and driving yields tighter. Non - LGFV CNH papers remained afloat due to cross - border account demand [4]. Last Trading Day's Top Movers | Top Performers | Price | Change | Top Underperformers | Price | Change | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | VNKRLE 3.975 11/09/27 | 43.4 | 8.8 | EHICAR 12 09/26/27 | 53.3 | - 2.1 | | VNKRLE 3 1/2 11/12/29 | 41.5 | 8.0 | VLLPM 7 1/4 07/20/27 | 51.9 | - 1.8 | | TTMTIN 4.35 06/09/26 | 99.4 | 1.9 | NICAU 9 09/30/30 | 103.4 | - 1.2 | | LASUDE 5 07/28/26 | 78.4 | 1.5 | HAOHUA 5 1/2 03/14/48 | 99.9 | - 1.0 | | NWDEVL 10.131 PERP | 80.9 | 0.9 | VLLPM 9 3/8 07/29/29 | 41.5 | - 1.0 | [5] Marco News Recap - On Wednesday, S&P (-0.00%), Dow (-0.13%), and Nasdaq (-0.16%) were lower. The US Jan'26 Nonfarm Payrolls were +130k (higher than the market expectation of +66k), the Unemployment Rate was 4.3% (lower than the forecast of 4.4%), the Average Hourly Earnings in Jan'26 was +0.4% mom (a touch higher than the forecast of +0.3%), and the Crude Oil Inventories was +8.53mn (higher than the market expectation of -0.2mn). UST yield was higher, with 2/5/10/30 - year yield at 3.52%/3.75%/4.18%/4.82% [6]. Desk Analyst Comments - VNKRLE 27' and 29' jumped 8.0 - 8.8pts yesterday and edged 0.1 - 0.2pt higher this morning on the media reports of the SZ government's RMB80bn rescue plan for Vanke, including a RMB20bn share placement. Whether the equity injection is sufficient is under discussion, and the new share issue for a loss - making company needs special regulatory approval. The rescue plan is in line with the view that the central government doesn't want another high - profile default in the property sector. The SZ government, through SZ Metro, has been incentivized to support Vanke's refinancing and maturity extension [7]. - In late Jan'26, Vanke secured consents on onshore bonds. SZ Metro provided a 3 - year loan of up to RMB2.4bn to Vanke. Fitch upgraded China Vanke to CC from RD and affirmed Vanke HK's CC rating [8]. - Vanke can turn to alternative funding channels like long - term operating loans or CBICL - guaranteed bonds secured by IPs. As of Jun'25, the book value of Vanke's IPs was cRMB152bn, and c48% of IPs remained unencumbered, which could secure additional financing of cRMB36bn. The total o/s onshore and offshore bonds of Vanke is cRMB27bn [9][10]. - There are hold recommendations on VNKRLEs. The total outstanding amount of Vanke's USD bonds is USD1.3bn, and the next offshore maturity is VNKRLE 3.975 11/09/27 in Nov'27. Estimated NPVs for VNKRLEs are low - 60 to high - 70 and high - 50 to low - 70, respectively [11]. China Economy - China's deflationary pressure continued to ease in early 2026. CPI slowed to 0.2% YoY in Jan due to a high base effect and volatile food pricing. Core inflation remained robust driven by durable goods, tourism, and jewellery prices. PPI beat market expectation as price relation in upstream sectors passed through, while PPI of consumer goods remained subdued. Mild price reflation is expected in 2026, and CPI and PPI are expected to reflate from 0.1% and - 2.6% in 2025 to 0.9% and 0.5% in 2026. Further demand - side policies are expected to address the imbalance [12]. - Food price dynamics and base effects drove the shift in headline CPI. CPI YoY moderated to 0.2% in Jan from 0.8% in Dec, slightly below the market expectation. Sequentially, CPI remained flat at 0.2% MoM. Food prices showed weaker - than - normal seasonality, pork prices had 1.2% MoM growth, fresh vegetable prices dropped - 4.8% MoM, and vehicle fuel prices declined 1.2% MoM. Headline CPI is expected to rebound to 1.1% in Feb [13]. - Core CPI remained robust as durable goods price reflated. Core inflation edged down to 0.8% YoY in Jan from 1.2% in Dec due to the base effect, while its MoM expanded to 0.3%. Durable goods saw notable price reflation, other supplies and services including gold jewellery surged 2.7% MoM, service price growth edged up to 0.2% MoM, medical services continued reflation, and housing rent dropped 0.1% MoM [14]. - PPI sustained its recovery momentum. The YoY contraction of PPI narrowed to - 1.4% in Jan from - 1.9% in Dec, beating market expectations. The MoM growth reached 0.4%, the highest in 28 months. The extraction sector dropped 1.7% MoM, raw materials and processing sectors rose 0.7% and 0.5% MoM, AI - related and anti - involution sectors saw price increases, while downstream sectors remained subdued [15][16]. Offshore Asia New Issues - There were no offshore Asia new issues priced or in the pipeline today [19][20]. News and Market Color - Yesterday, 72 credit bonds were issued onshore with an amount of RMB50bn. Month - to - date, 858 credit bonds were issued with a total amount of RMB690bn, a 615.7% yoy increase. Sales of New Energy Vehicles (NEVs) in China slumped 18.9% yoy in Jan'26. First Pacific's Meralco will spend USD4.65bn on network upgrades and service expansion. Fosun - owned insurer weighs Lisbon listing at more than USD3.6bn valuation [21]. Company - Specific News - Seazen Group raised HKD472.3mn (cUSD60.4mn) through a private share placement to help repay FTLNHD 4.5 05/02/26 [26]. - Medco Energi Internasional's arm was awarded the operatorship of Cendramas offshore field in Malaysia by Petronas [26]. - Moody's affirmed Meituan's Baa1 ratings and revised outlook to negative from stable due to competition in the food delivery business [26]. - Petron Malaysian unit flagged a potential financial hit due to tropical storm Senyar [26]. - Petronas launched a bidding round for nine exploration blocks across Malaysia [26]. - Samsung Heavy won a USD321mn deal to build two containerships for an African buyer [26]. - AIIB will provide up to USD250mn on - lending facility to Shriram Finance [26]. - Santos flagged a USD137mn impairment loss in 2025 [26]. - West China Cement settled tender offer for WESCHI 4.95 07/08/26, with USD51.976mn remaining outstanding [26].