2025 年 5 月 1 日 公司研究 颗粒硅现金成本保持行业领先，硅烷气、钙钛矿等新兴业务发展可期 ——协鑫科技（3800.HK）2024 年年报点评 要点 事件：公司发布 2024 年年报，2024 年实现营业收入 150.98 亿元，同比 -55.20%， 实现归母净利润-47.50 亿元，同比-289.25%，2024 年度 EBITDA-14 亿元。 颗粒硅销量稳步提升，现金成本持续下降保持行业领先。 2024 年公司实现颗粒硅产量/出货量 26.92/28.19 万吨，同比增长 32%/45%， 在品质持续提升的推动下市占率突破 25%；行业价格持续下行背景下 2024 年公 司颗粒硅平均对外不含税销售价格约为 34.2 元/kg，多晶硅销售实现营业收入 86.73 亿元，同比减少 50.25%。公司通过持续的技改优化使得颗粒硅的现金制 造成本（含研发）持续下降，2024 年为 33.52 元/kg，较 2023Q4 下降 10%， 2025Q1 进一步下降至 27.07 元/kg，保持行业领先水平。2025Q1 公司光伏材料 业务分部的 EBITDA 约为 5.5 亿人民币已转正。 光伏组件出口 ...

Financial Performance - Total revenue for 2023 was RMB 33,700,479, a decrease of 55.2% compared to RMB 15,097,560 in 2024[9] - The company reported a net loss attributable to shareholders of RMB 4,750,396 in 2024, a significant decline of 289.3% from a profit of RMB 2,510,076 in 2023[9] - Sales of polysilicon decreased by 50.3% to RMB 8,673,317 in 2024 from RMB 17,435,147 in 2023[9] - For the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024, the company's revenue was approximately RMB 15,098 million, a decrease of 55.3% from RMB 33,700 million in 2023, with a gross loss of RMB 2,510 million compared to a gross profit of RMB 11,692 million in 2023[41] - The company recorded a loss attributable to shareholders of approximately RMB 4,750 million in 2024, compared to a profit of RMB 2,510 million in 2023[41] - The overall gross margin turned negative at -16.6% for the year ending December 31, 2024, compared to a gross margin of 34.7% in 2023, reflecting the impact of declining average selling prices of photovoltaic products[67] Assets and Liabilities - Total assets decreased by 9.5% to RMB 74,874,157 in 2024 from RMB 82,768,172 in 2023[11] - The company's equity attributable to shareholders fell by 12.7% to RMB 37,177,048 in 2024 from RMB 42,587,016 in 2023[11] - The current ratio decreased by 25.5% to 1.17 in 2024 from 1.57 in 2023[11] - The company’s debt increased by 19.8% to RMB 19,095,320 in 2024 from RMB 15,939,071 in 2023[11] - Trade receivables and other receivables decreased from approximately RMB 17.9 billion on December 31, 2023, to about RMB 11.6 billion on December 31, 2024, primarily due to a reduction in trade receivables and notes receivable[87] - Total debt increased from approximately RMB 15.9 billion on December 31, 2023, to RMB 19.1 billion on December 31, 2024, with net debt rising from RMB 6.8 billion to RMB 9.2 billion[92] Production and Technology - The company has developed a proprietary silane fluidized bed (FBR) technology for silicon production, which offers low cost and low carbon footprint advantages[12] - GCL Technology's R&D investment reached 718 million yuan in the first half of 2024, accounting for over 8% of revenue, an increase of 3.8 percentage points year-on-year, marking a record high[24] - The cash cost of granular silicon reached a new industry low of 33.18 yuan per kilogram, providing a strong foundation for future performance reversal[27] - GCL-Poly's FBR granular silicon technology has achieved a cash production cost of 27.14 CNY/kg, with a product quality ratio exceeding 95% and a market share surpassing 25%[31] - The company has successfully reduced production costs of perovskite solar cells by 50%, achieving conversion efficiencies of 19.04% for single cells and 26.36% for stacked cells, maintaining a global leadership position[32] - GCL-Poly's granular silicon has set a world record with a carbon footprint of 14.441 kgCO2e/kg, and all production bases have achieved 100% coverage of sustainable supply chains certified by TÜV Rheinland[33] Market Position and Strategy - GCL Technology signed a long-term procurement contract for 425,000 tons of polysilicon with LONGi Green Energy, indicating strong demand and strategic partnerships[20] - The company plans to implement a dual-drive strategy focusing on both upgrading existing businesses and innovating new business expansions, aiming for a comprehensive development in silicon-carbon materials[35] - GCL-Poly has over 600,000 tons of silane gas production capacity, leading globally, with a domestic market share of approximately 25% for its high-purity silane gas[36] - The company has launched new businesses in carbon nanotubes and silicon carbide, with its semiconductor subsidiary achieving over 50% domestic market share in electronic-grade polysilicon[37] - The company aims to accelerate internationalization and enhance its brand, R&D, technology, and operational management on a global scale[40] Sustainability and ESG Initiatives - GCL Technology's carbon footprint management project, GCL Carbon Chain 2.0, was launched in collaboration with Ant Group and TÜV Rheinland, enhancing its sustainability initiatives[22] - The company achieved a carbon footprint certification of 14.441kgCO2e/kg for its FBR granular silicon, significantly reducing CO2 emissions by 10.48 million tons annually compared to traditional methods[60] - The company has established a dynamic carbon footprint tracking and management platform called "GCL Carbon Chain," promoting low-carbon standards in the photovoltaic industry[118] - The company saved approximately 22,374 million kWh of electricity and 1.4114 million tons of water resources in 2024, contributing to its environmental management goals[118] - The company implemented a comprehensive ESG management system in 2024, establishing clear responsibilities for various ESG indicators and achieving ISO 20400 certification for sustainable supply chain management[117] Corporate Governance and Leadership - The company has maintained compliance with the corporate governance code as per the listing rules for the year ending December 31, 2024[136] - The board consists of ten members, including six executive directors and four independent non-executive directors, ensuring a balanced structure[139] - The company is committed to high standards of corporate governance to maximize value for stakeholders through continuous review and assessment of systems and procedures[135] - The company has independent non-executive directors with diverse backgrounds and expertise, enhancing the board's effectiveness[139] - The company has adopted a nomination policy and board diversity policy effective from January 1, 2019, focusing on various diversity factors[179] Employee and Talent Management - GCL Technology received recognition as one of the "Best Employers in China" for 2023, highlighting its strong talent attraction capabilities[15] - The company aims to enhance its employee diversity and welfare, optimizing training systems and improving safety and health management[119] - The company promotes diversity at all employee levels, ensuring equal opportunities for training and career development[188] Financial Management and Shareholder Value - The company has announced a voluntary decision to cease any share buybacks in 2024 to ensure the sustainability of its R&D and operational stability amid intense competition in the photovoltaic industry[13] - The company has adopted a dividend policy that considers legal compliance and operational impact before declaring dividends[199] - The company plans to evaluate its dividend policy's effectiveness and make necessary revisions as needed[200]

Core Viewpoint - Hongtian Co. and its director Shu Zhigao are under investigation by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) for failing to disclose related party transactions as required by regulations [2][5]. Group 1: Investigation and Regulatory Actions - On April 25, Hongtian Co. announced that both the company and director Shu Zhigao received a notice of investigation from the CSRC, confirming that they are under investigation [2][3]. - The investigation is related to allegations of failing to disclose related party transactions and other violations [4][5]. - The Shanghai Stock Exchange issued an inquiry letter to Hongtian Co. regarding related party transactions and undisclosed significant matters [4][23]. Group 2: Financial Performance and Audit Opinions - Hongtian Co.'s 2024 annual report revealed that the auditing firm, Lixin Certified Public Accountants, issued a qualified opinion due to uncertainties regarding related party transactions [14][16]. - The company reported a revenue of 1.374 billion yuan in 2024, a decrease of 38.60% compared to the previous year, and a net profit of 117 million yuan, down 42.87% [18]. - The company acknowledged that its financial performance did not meet expectations, attributing this to a slowdown in the industry [17]. Group 3: Related Party Transactions - Hongtian Co. confirmed a related party transaction involving the sale of an office property to Suzhou Luhai Holdings for 4.846 million yuan [7][9]. - The controlling shareholder of Luhai Holdings is a direct relative of Shu Zhigao, establishing a related party relationship [9]. - The company has been asked to disclose details regarding its related party transactions with Nord Co. over the past three years, including transaction amounts and pricing [25][26].

Summary of the Conference Call Company and Industry Overview - The conference call involved the company Xiexin Technology, focusing on the photovoltaic (PV) industry and its financial performance for 2024 [1][2][5]. Key Financial Data - In 2024, Xiexin Technology reported revenues of 15.1 billion, a decline of 55% from 33.7 billion in 2023 [2]. - Gross profit for 2024 was a loss of 2.5 billion, compared to a profit of 11.6 billion in 2023, resulting in a gross margin of -16.6% versus 34.7% in 2023 [2]. - EBITDA for 2024 was 14 billion, up from 12.6 billion in 2023 [2]. - The company reported a net loss attributable to shareholders of 4.75 billion in 2024, compared to a profit of 2.5 billion in 2023 [2]. - Basic earnings per share for 2024 were a loss of 17.97 cents, compared to a profit of 9.47 cents in 2023 [2]. Operational Highlights - The company produced 269,000 tons of granular silicon in 2024, an increase from 200,000 tons in 2023, with shipments of 281,000 tons compared to 194,000 tons in 2023 [4]. - The company’s total assets at the end of 2024 were 74.8 billion, down 9.5% from 82.7 billion in 2023, while total liabilities decreased by 5% to 32.5 billion [3][4]. - The debt-to-asset ratio was reported at 43.5% under international accounting standards [3][4]. Market Trends and Strategic Insights - The global photovoltaic market is expected to see a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) with an increase in global module shipments projected to exceed 650 GW by 2025 [5][6]. - The company emphasized the importance of cost reduction and product competitiveness in a challenging market environment [5]. - Inventory levels of silicon materials have decreased from approximately 350,000 tons in Q4 of the previous year to around 250,000 tons [6]. Technological Developments - Xiexin Technology is focusing on the development of N-type silicon materials, which are expected to dominate the market, with over 90% of new cells projected to be N-type by 2024 [8]. - The company is also investing in research and development for perovskite technology, which has shown significant efficiency improvements [15][16]. ESG and Sustainability Initiatives - The company has established a comprehensive ESG governance structure and is committed to reducing its carbon footprint, with significant reductions in carbon emissions reported [28][31]. - Xiexin Technology aims to align with international ESG standards and has initiated audits for its suppliers to ensure compliance [29][30]. Conclusion - Despite a challenging financial year, Xiexin Technology is strategically positioned to leverage its technological advancements and market trends in the photovoltaic industry. The focus on cost efficiency, product quality, and sustainability initiatives will be crucial for future growth and competitiveness [50][51].

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the company is "Buy" and is maintained [7]. Core Views - The company reported a revenue of 15.098 billion HKD for 2024, a decrease of 55% year-on-year, and a net profit attributable to shareholders of -4.75 billion HKD, indicating a shift from profit to loss [5][8]. - The company has optimized its cash cost for granular silicon to 33.52 HKD/kg in 2024, with further improvements expected as the cash cost was reduced to 27.14 HKD/kg in the first two months of 2025 [8]. - The company has a production capacity of 480,000 tons for granular silicon, with an output of 269,200 tons and a shipment volume of 282,000 tons in 2024 [8]. - The company’s silicon wafer sales volume was 33.525 GW in 2024, a decrease of 35.4% year-on-year, primarily due to industry price declines [8]. - The gross margin for the photovoltaic power station segment dropped to 16.9% in 2024 from 46.7% in 2023, impacting overall performance [8]. - Administrative expenses were reduced to 1.855 billion HKD in 2024, down 18.5% year-on-year, due to salary reductions and cost control measures [8]. - The company aims to achieve positive cash flow in Q1 2025 and anticipates a turnaround in performance, supported by cost control and a significant reduction in director salaries [8]. Summary by Sections Financial Performance - Revenue for 2024 was 15.098 billion HKD, a 55% decrease year-on-year [5][8]. - Net profit attributable to shareholders was -4.75 billion HKD, indicating a loss [5][8]. Production and Sales - Granular silicon production capacity is 480,000 tons, with 2024 output at 269,200 tons and shipments at 282,000 tons [8]. - Silicon wafer sales volume was 33.525 GW in 2024, down 35.4% year-on-year [8]. Cost Management - Cash cost for granular silicon was 33.52 HKD/kg in 2024, with further optimization to 27.14 HKD/kg in early 2025 [8]. - Administrative expenses decreased to 1.855 billion HKD in 2024, an 18.5% reduction [8]. Future Outlook - The company expects to achieve positive cash flow in Q1 2025 and aims for a performance turnaround [8].

Core Viewpoint - GCL-Poly Energy Technology Co., Ltd. (GCL-Poly) has reported a significant decline in its 2024 financial performance, with revenue dropping by 55.2% year-on-year, leading to substantial losses in both gross profit and net profit [2][3]. Financial Performance - The company's total revenue for 2024 was approximately 15.1 billion yuan, down from 33.7 billion yuan in 2023 [2]. - Gross profit turned into a loss of about 2.5 billion yuan, compared to a profit of 11.69 billion yuan in 2023, marking a decline of 121.5% [2]. - The net profit attributable to shareholders shifted from a profit of 2.51 billion yuan in 2023 to a loss of approximately 4.75 billion yuan in 2024 [2]. - The gross margin plummeted from 34.7% in 2023 to -16.6% in 2024 [2]. Business Segments - GCL-Poly's main business segments include photovoltaic materials and photovoltaic power station operations [3]. - Revenue from the photovoltaic materials segment was about 14.96 billion yuan in 2024, a decrease of 55.3% from 33.49 billion yuan in 2023 [3]. - The photovoltaic materials segment reported a loss of 5.35 billion yuan in 2024, down from a profit of 3.2 billion yuan in 2023, with a gross margin decline from 34.6% to -16.9% [3]. - The photovoltaic power station segment generated approximately 140 million yuan in revenue, a 35% decline year-on-year, with losses of 267 million yuan in 2024 compared to a profit of 56 million yuan in 2023 [3]. Debt and Cash Flow - Total liabilities stood at 32.58 billion yuan, with short-term interest-bearing debt increasing significantly from 5.91 billion yuan at the end of 2023 to 10.69 billion yuan at the end of 2024 [4]. - The company anticipates positive cash flow starting in the first quarter of the current year, with expectations of profitability by the third quarter [4]. Management and Compensation - Executive directors voluntarily reduced their total annual compensation from 188 million yuan to approximately 16.4 million yuan for 2024, a reduction of over 90% [5]. - The company maintains that this reduction will not affect the stability of the core management team, as it is part of a flexible compensation system [5]. Strategic Outlook - GCL-Poly is optimistic about future performance, citing a potential recovery in silicon prices and a significant reduction in industry inventory levels [4]. - The company is pursuing dual strategies: strict operational management for its main business and incubation of technology ventures like Xinhua Semiconductor and GCL-Optoelectronics [7][8]. - Xinhua Semiconductor is progressing towards an IPO, while GCL-Optoelectronics is also expected to enter the capital market soon [8]. Industry Context - The broader "GCL system" is facing challenges, with other subsidiaries also reporting declines in performance, including GCL New Energy and GCL Integrated [9].

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the company is maintained as "Buy" with a target price of HKD 1.30 [6][7]. Core Views - The company reported a revenue of RMB 15.098 billion for 2024, a year-on-year decrease of 55.2%, and a net profit attributable to shareholders of -RMB 4.75 billion, indicating a shift from profit to loss [1]. - The company is expected to achieve profitability in Q3 2025 and Q4 2025, driven by cost reduction in granular silicon production and an increase in market share [2][3]. - The company is leveraging its raw material and technology advantages to develop new growth areas in renewable energy, electronic information, and new chemical materials [3]. Summary by Sections Financial Performance - The company experienced a significant decline in revenue and net profit in 2024, with a revenue of RMB 15.098 billion and a net loss of RMB 4.75 billion [1][5]. - The granular silicon production cash cost was reported at RMB 28.17 per kg, with a unit loss estimated at RMB 11-12 per kg [1]. - The company anticipates a revenue increase of 29.87% in 2025, reaching RMB 19.607 billion, and a return to profitability with a net profit of RMB 1.117 billion [5][21]. Market Position and Strategy - The company has a leading position in granular silicon production, with a market share of 19.1% in Q4 2024, expected to rise to 25.7% in Q1 2025 [2]. - The company is the only domestic player with a systematic grasp of large-scale electronic-grade polysilicon preparation technology, achieving over 50% market share in this segment [3]. - The company is also expanding into new materials, including silicon-carbon anodes and perovskite solar cells, with significant efficiency improvements expected [3]. Valuation and Forecast - The forecast for net profit attributable to shareholders for 2025-2027 is RMB 11.17 billion, RMB 29.19 billion, and RMB 43.3 billion, respectively [4]. - The company is valued at a PE ratio of 30x for 2025, with a target price adjusted to HKD 1.30, reflecting its leadership in granular silicon and cost advantages [4][6].

Summary of GCL-Poly Energy Holdings Limited Conference Call Company Overview - **Company**: GCL-Poly Energy Holdings Limited - **Industry**: Photovoltaic (PV) Industry Key Financial Highlights - **2024 Revenue**: 15.1 billion CNY, a decrease of 55% from 33.7 billion CNY in 2023 [3] - **Gross Profit**: Loss of 2.5 billion CNY in 2024 compared to a profit of 11.6 billion CNY in 2023 [3] - **Net Profit**: Loss of 4.75 billion CNY for 2024, down from a profit of 2.5 billion CNY in 2023 [3] - **Total Assets**: Decreased to 74.8 billion CNY from 82.7 billion CNY, a decline of 9.5% [4] - **Debt Levels**: Total liabilities reduced from 34.4 billion CNY to 32.5 billion CNY [4] Industry Dynamics - **Market Trends**: Anticipated global module shipments to exceed 6.5 million units in 2025, with prices showing a gradual recovery [5] - **Silicon Material Business**: Revenue dropped to 14.9 billion CNY in 2024, down 55% from 33 billion CNY in 2023, with a loss of 2.3 billion CNY [3] - **Silicon Inventory**: Global silicon inventory decreased from 350,000 tons in Q4 2023 to approximately 250,000 tons [5] Technological Advancements - **Silicon Production**: GCL-Poly has a capacity of 480,000 tons of granular silicon and over 600,000 tons of electronic-grade silane [3] - **New Product Launch**: The new generation granular silicon product, 901AS ultra, is expected to launch by Q2 2025, achieving over 90% purity [3][6] - **Perovskite Technology**: Achieved TUV Rheinland IEC61,215 certification, with research components exceeding 29.3% efficiency [11][12] Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Initiatives - **Carbon Footprint**: The carbon footprint for granular silicon at the Leshan base is 24.9 kg CO2 equivalent per kg, and 14.4 kg at the Baotou base, marking the lowest globally [22] - **Sustainability Practices**: GCL-Poly has established a three-tier governance structure for ESG management and aims to publish its first sustainability report [20][21] Strategic Focus Areas - **New Materials Development**: Active in developing innovative materials for granular silicon and exploring second curve directions such as ion battery anode materials and carbon nanotubes [14][15] - **R&D Collaboration**: Collaborating with over 100 suppliers and research institutions globally to enhance innovation in new materials [18] Market Position and Future Outlook - **Competitive Landscape**: GCL-Poly is positioned to leverage its low-carbon granular silicon technology to meet increasing international standards and demands [23] - **Growth Projections**: The photovoltaic industry is expected to maintain a growth rate of over 20% annually, with GCL-Poly focusing on enhancing its product efficiency and expanding its market share [45] Conclusion GCL-Poly Energy Holdings Limited is navigating a challenging financial landscape while investing in technological advancements and sustainability initiatives. The company is well-positioned to capitalize on future growth opportunities in the photovoltaic industry, particularly with its focus on low-carbon technologies and innovative materials.

Core Viewpoint - GCL-Poly Energy Holdings Limited (协鑫科技) is experiencing a significant increase in market share for granular silicon, reaching 25.7% in Q1 2025, up from 12.3% in the same quarter last year, indicating a strong recovery trajectory after previous losses [1][2]. Group 1: Market Position and Performance - The company's granular silicon market share has shown a steady increase over the past year, with quarterly shares of 12.3%, 13.2%, 15.2%, and 19.1% leading up to 25.7% in Q1 2025 [1][2]. - GCL-Poly's granular silicon production cost has decreased to 27.14 CNY/kg, while the selling price is 31.1 CNY/kg, reflecting improved profitability [1]. - The total production capacity for granular silicon in 2024 is reported at 480,000 tons, with an output of 269,200 tons, marking a 32% year-on-year increase [3]. Group 2: Financial Performance - In 2024, GCL-Poly reported revenues of approximately 15.1 billion CNY, a 55% decline year-on-year, with a net loss of about 4.75 billion CNY [3]. - The photovoltaic materials segment, which includes polysilicon, wafers, and industrial silicon, generated revenues of around 15 billion CNY but incurred a loss of approximately 5.3 billion CNY [3]. Group 3: Industry Insights and Future Outlook - The photovoltaic industry is undergoing a transformation, facing challenges such as severe homogenization and a lack of differentiated innovation, which is attributed to imitation practices [2]. - The company anticipates that the most challenging period for the photovoltaic industry has passed, with new technologies increasing demand for high-purity silicon materials [2].

Core Viewpoint - GCL-Poly Energy Holdings Limited reported a significant decline in revenue and a substantial net loss for 2024, primarily due to the sharp drop in silicon material prices, which fell from approximately 70,000 RMB/ton to 40,000 RMB/ton during the year [1] Financial Performance - GCL-Poly achieved approximately 15.1 billion RMB in revenue for 2024, a year-on-year decrease of 55% [1] - The net loss attributable to shareholders was approximately 4.75 billion RMB, compared to a profit of 2.51 billion RMB in 2023 [1] - The photovoltaic materials segment generated about 15 billion RMB in revenue but incurred a loss of around 5.3 billion RMB, while the photovoltaic power station business reported revenue of about 0.1 billion RMB with a loss of 0.3 billion RMB [1] Business Segments - The company’s silicon material business, particularly granular silicon, is a focal point, with production costs significantly lower than traditional methods [3][4] - Granular silicon production costs are reported to be below 30,000 RMB/ton, compared to approximately 40,000 RMB/ton for the modified Siemens method [4] - GCL-Poly has been developing granular silicon since 2011 and has established significant production capacity, with long-term contracts for hundreds of thousands of tons announced in April 2024 [3] Market Position and Strategy - The company anticipates achieving positive cash flow starting in Q1 2024, with expectations for monthly profitability by Q3 and quarterly profitability by Q4 [1][2] - GCL-Poly's CEO emphasized the importance of granular silicon in reducing carbon footprints, which is crucial for compliance with upcoming carbon border adjustment mechanisms in the EU [4][6] - The company aims to evolve into a silicon-based company, expanding into silicon-related products and integrating lithium-based industries for battery production [8] Future Outlook - GCL-Poly is focusing on enhancing production efficiency and reducing costs through automation and energy utilization improvements [6] - The company is also exploring new markets, including silicon carbide and silicon-carbon anodes, which are projected to have substantial market potential by 2028 [9] - The strategic vision includes leveraging existing resources and technology to meet the growing demand for high-purity silicon and related materials [9]