www.lhratings.com 研究报告 1 2024 年电力、电气设备制造行业回 顾与 2025 年度信用风险展望 联合资信 工商评级一部 崔濛骁 |工商评级二部 刘柏源 2024 年以来全社会用电量同比增长，电源、电网持续保持较大的投 资规模，随着电力行业加快新型能源体系和新型电力系统构建，新能源新 增装机成为新增装机绝对主体，重点输电通道建设稳步推进，产业链带动 效果显著。特高压建设第三轮周期开启，清洁能源大基地建设以及省间互 联通道开展规划和建设需求或将持续，智能变配电将迎来新机遇。2025 年 电力、电气设备制造行业景气度或将持续，板块向上动能增加。 联合资信评估股份有限公司 China Lianhe Credit Rating Co.,Ltd. 一、行业运行情况回顾 电力、电气设备制造行业作为国民经济发展中重要的装备工业之一，受国民经济 及电力投资需求影响大。2023 年以来，全社会用电量稳步回升，电力行业加快新型 能源体系和新型电力系统构建；电源、电网持续保持较大的投资规模，2023 年电源 投资增速创新高，新能源新增装机成为新增装机绝对主体，重点输电通道建设稳步推 进，电力设备制造行业外部 ...

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Industry Overview - The construction industry is highly cyclical and closely tied to economic growth, with downstream demand primarily driven by real estate and infrastructure investment [1][3] - Since 2020, the industry has faced challenges due to real estate market regulation and local government debt policies, leading to slower growth and increased differentiation among enterprises [1] - The industry's liquidity has tightened, with increased funding pressure, declining profitability, and rising bad debt provisions [1] Real Estate Policy Impact - The "Three Red Lines" policy introduced in August 2020 significantly impacted real estate market financing, leading to reduced bank credit growth for real estate developers [5] - Real estate developers' new construction area has been declining since 2020, with negative double-digit growth rates since 2021 [5] - Despite policy support measures, real estate companies continue to face significant funding pressures, with negative loan balance growth since Q3 2023 [5][6] Local Government Debt Impact - The 2023 debt resolution package has restricted new financing for local government financing vehicles (LGFVs), affecting new government investment projects [9][11] - Construction industry new contract value declined by 2.85% in 2023, the first negative growth since 2015 [11] - Central enterprises have seen increased market share, while local state-owned enterprises experienced their first negative growth in new contracts [13] Financial Analysis by Ownership Asset Management - Central enterprises have lower downstream funding requirements and stronger bargaining power compared to local SOEs and private enterprises [19][21] - The industry's downstream funding ratio (receivables + inventory + contract assets)/current assets increased from 59.71% in 2019 to 66.47% in 2023 [19][21] Profitability - Industry-wide ROE has fluctuated between 6.20% and 6.86%, with central enterprises maintaining higher profitability than local SOEs and private enterprises [27] - Private enterprises have seen significant profit margin compression, with ROE declining to 2.17% in 2023 [27] Debt and Liquidity - Private enterprises have higher debt capitalisation ratios, increasing from 36.39% in 2019 to 48.05% in 2023 [32] - Central enterprises maintain better short-term debt coverage ratios compared to local SOEs and private enterprises [38] Credit and Asset Impairment - Industry-wide credit impairment losses increased from 0.53 billion yuan in 2019 to 1.76 billion yuan in 2023, with central enterprises showing the highest impairment levels [42] - Asset impairment losses grew from 0.03 billion yuan in 2019 to 0.43 billion yuan in 2023, with local SOEs showing the highest sensitivity to industry downturns [45] Litigation Analysis - Construction industry litigation cases increased significantly since 2021, with private enterprises experiencing the highest growth rates in lawsuits [48] - Private enterprises, primarily engaged in building construction and survey design, have been most affected by the "Three Red Lines" policy [48] Future Outlook - Market pressure on the construction industry is expected to decrease with potential real estate market recovery and local government debt resolution [51] - Industry consolidation is expected to continue, with central enterprises and strong local SOEs gaining more market share [51] - Private enterprises and weaker local SOEs are likely to face increased competitive pressure [51]

Industry Investment Rating - The report maintains a stable credit outlook for the toll road industry, citing government support and strong refinancing capabilities as key factors [58] Core Views - The toll road industry is experiencing a slowdown in investment, with highway mileage growth expected to remain low in the coming years [7] - Regional disparities in investment pressure are evident, with some western provinces facing significant construction tasks and investment burdens [10] - Road transport remains the dominant mode for passenger and freight transport in China, although the share of road passenger transport has declined significantly [13] - The industry is shifting towards smart highways and digital transformation, particularly in eastern regions [56] Industry Policy - The "Five-Year Action Plan for Accelerating the Construction of a Transportation Power (2023-2027)" aims to increase the national expressway mileage to approximately 130,000 km by 2027, adding about 11,000 km [3] - REITs have become a significant financing tool for toll road enterprises, with several major REITs issued in recent years [44] - The "Financial Leasing Company Management Measures" have imposed restrictions on financing lease targets, potentially affecting toll road enterprises' financing options [6] Industry Operations - China's expressway mileage reached 183,600 km by the end of 2023, with a year-on-year growth rate of 3.6% [10] - Road passenger transport accounted for less than 50% of total passenger transport for the first time in 2023, at 49.14% [13] - Road freight transport accounted for 72.45% of total freight transport in 2023, with a slight downward trend expected due to the shift from road to rail and water transport [13] Provincial Toll Road Enterprises - Provincial toll road enterprises dominate their respective regions, with most controlling over 60% of the province's toll road mileage [23] - Eastern provinces such as Shanghai, Beijing, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Guangdong have high toll revenue per kilometer, exceeding 7 million yuan [25] - Construction costs for new expressways are rising, with Shanghai's cost reaching 635 million yuan per kilometer, while Jiangsu and Guizhou range between 350-400 million yuan per kilometer [25] Financial Risks - The total debt of 23 provincial toll road enterprises reached approximately 8,114.641 billion yuan by June 2024, with a debt capitalization ratio of 63.78% [38] - Short-term debt coverage ratios have weakened slightly, but the industry's strong cash flow generation and ample credit lines provide sufficient debt repayment capacity [40] - Toll revenue coverage of interest expenses improved in 2023, with eastern and central regions generally achieving full coverage, while some western and northeastern regions rely on other business income or government support [47] Data Asset Accounting - Toll road enterprises have begun accounting for data assets, including traffic flow data, vehicle type data, and bridge monitoring data, following the implementation of the "Interim Provisions on Accounting Treatment of Enterprise Data Resources" in 2024 [50] - Data asset accounting is expected to enhance operational efficiency and support digital transformation in the long term [50]

Investment Rating - The report indicates a stable credit outlook for the water industry, with low credit risk overall [1]. Core Viewpoints - The water industry is expected to continue growing due to increased investment in water infrastructure, driven by government policies and economic stability [1][7]. - The total investment in national water conservancy construction reached 928.98 billion yuan in the first three quarters of 2024, marking a 9.8% increase year-on-year [1][8]. - The water industry is characterized by high entry barriers and stable demand and supply, with a tendency towards regional monopolies and the coexistence of leading companies operating across regions [1][7]. Industry Development Status - The water resources in China are abundant but unevenly distributed, with urban domestic water supply and sewage treatment being significant growth drivers for the industry [2][4]. - The water industry chain includes water extraction, processing, supply, and sewage treatment, with urban water demand influenced by economic growth and population increase [2][3]. Macroeconomic Environment and Policy Guidance - The government has introduced new policies to enhance efficiency, expand capacity, and improve profitability in the water sector [7][9]. - The economic growth rate for the first three quarters of 2024 was 4.8%, with fixed asset investment increasing by 3.4% [8]. Industry Competition Landscape - The water industry is stable, with regional monopolies and leading companies coexisting, primarily consisting of state-owned enterprises [14]. - The competition is expected to focus on environmental governance and related sectors, which require significant capital and technical expertise [14]. Industry Investment - Urban water supply investment reached 75.62 billion yuan in 2023, reflecting a 6% year-on-year increase [15]. - The sewage treatment and recycling investment was 75.81 billion yuan in 2023, up 7.05% from the previous year [16]. Water Price Changes - Water prices in key cities have been adjusted upwards, indicating potential for further increases in the future [17]. - The average sewage treatment price in 36 major cities remained stable at 1.02 yuan per cubic meter, suggesting room for future price adjustments [17]. Financial Performance of Water Enterprises - Water enterprises saw a compound annual growth rate of 4.4% in total revenue from 2021 to 2023, while total profit decreased at a compound annual rate of 16.64% [20]. - In the first three quarters of 2024, total revenue for water enterprises was 249.55 billion yuan, a decline of 3.32% year-on-year [20]. Debt Situation of Water Enterprises - The total debt of water enterprises reached 920.72 billion yuan by the end of 2023, reflecting a 14.15% increase from the previous year [30]. - The debt structure is primarily long-term, with long-term debt accounting for 77.39% as of September 2024 [30]. Bond Issuance Situation of Water Enterprises - In the first ten months of 2024, 52 water enterprises issued bonds totaling 120.56 billion yuan, a 30.44% increase compared to the same period in 2023 [42]. - The average issuance interest rate for short-term bonds was 2.08%, down from 2.44% in 2023, indicating a decrease in financing costs [53].

Industry Overview - The construction industry is facing increasing downward pressure and intensified competition, with market share continuing to concentrate in large central enterprises (CEs) [4] - In 2023, the new contract value of the seven major construction CEs accounted for 41.89% of the national construction industry's new contract value, an increase of 3.76 percentage points year-on-year [5] - Private construction companies are experiencing difficulties due to over-reliance on PPP projects, limited financing capabilities, and short-term debt for long-term investments, creating opportunities for state-owned capital (SOC) acquisitions [5] Acquisition Motivations - SOC acquisitions of private construction companies are driven by multiple factors, including obtaining scarce resources, local government financing platform (LGFP) transformation needs, resource integration, business synergy, corporate bailouts, local economic stability, and investment attraction [9] - Acquiring listed companies is attractive due to their scarcity and the lengthy, uncertain IPO process in China [9] - LGFPs are seeking market-oriented transformations, and construction companies are a viable option due to their relatively low market entry barriers and large revenue scale [9] - Business synergy and resource integration are key motivations, as some SOCs are local infrastructure construction entities with complementary businesses [9] - Acquisitions can also serve as a means to stabilize local economies, protect tax revenues, and attract investments by relocating the acquired company's registration and operations [10] Acquisition Methods - Common acquisition methods include negotiated equity transfers, private placements, secondary market purchases, tender offers, and voting rights entrustment [11] - Negotiated equity transfers are the most commonly used method, allowing for quick acquisition of large shareholdings but may not immediately improve the target company's capital strength [12] - Private placements are often used to consolidate control and inject liquidity, but they require regulatory approval and carry uncertainty [13] - Secondary market purchases or tender offers do not require complex approval processes but may involve higher acquisition premiums [13] - Voting rights entrustment can quickly transfer control with minimal capital but carries risks of losing control if the entrusted shares are subject to legal disputes [13] Positive Impacts of SOC Acquisitions - SOC acquisitions can provide financial support and enhance the financing capabilities of acquired companies through direct capital injections, guarantees, and improved credit access [15] - Acquired companies can benefit from the resources and reputation of SOCs, gaining competitive advantages in bidding and access to local government resources [15] - SOCs often introduce more standardized management systems, improving the long-term stability and development of acquired companies [16] - Acquisitions can facilitate the market-oriented transformation of LGFPs by leveraging the technical expertise and market resources of construction companies [16] Challenges and Risks of SOC Acquisitions - SOCs may underestimate the capital needs of construction companies, especially given the industry's long payment cycles and the risks associated with PPP projects [17] - The expected benefits of SOC support, such as improved financing and business resources, may fall short of expectations due to macroeconomic and policy changes [18] - SOCs face pressure to preserve and increase state-owned assets, and the mismatch between investment and returns may lead to hesitation in further support [19] - The cyclical nature of the construction industry poses long-term challenges, and SOC support may not be sufficient to counteract industry downturns [19] - Risks of losing control and increased financial burdens on the acquirer are significant concerns, especially for LGFPs with existing liquidity pressures [21] Post-Acquisition Performance Analysis - Based on a sample of 9 private construction companies acquired by SOCs between 2018 and 2023, the overall performance improvement is limited, with diminishing effects over time [36] - Companies with higher SOC ownership and stronger financial and business support showed relatively better performance improvements [36] - Companies with lower SOC ownership, poor business coordination, and large PPP project exposures performed poorly [36] - Among the 9 companies, only 2 showed improved rankings post-acquisition, while 6 experienced declining rankings [42] - The best performance improvements were observed in the second year post-acquisition, but the effects weakened over time [43] Key Recommendations - SOCs should assess potential business synergies with target companies and avoid acquisitions solely for the purpose of controlling listed companies [47] - The cyclical nature of the construction industry should be carefully considered, and SOCs should be prepared for prolonged periods of underperformance in acquired companies [47] - Thorough due diligence is essential to understand the target company's risk exposures and ensure that the SOC's support capabilities align with the company's needs [49] - Acquisition methods and ownership structures should be carefully designed to avoid control risks and ensure sustainable support [49] - SOCs should be cautious of acquiring companies with high delisting risks, given the increasing regulatory focus on delisting underperforming listed companies [50]

我是分析师朱宇航也非常欢迎大家参加我们今天新理想的系列会议因为中午的话我们看到先导也是发布了和宁德时代的战略合作的协议就是针对于这个事件的话不少朋友也在关注所以我们今天的话就是把具体的战略合作的相应的内容以及我们对于投资的公司其实在现阶段的应该讲核心的价值局限的话就来做一个进一步的梳理跟总结然后也是基于我们在今年 九月份十月份的时候发布的归系列里面的这个最核心的这个几个公司包括先导智能的话呢这样的一些报告啊这个内容的话呢我再把这个聚合性期的一些公司跟行业变化的话呢再重新的相当于是做一个这个回顾好吧 首先还是简单回顾一下方案的具体内容,包括战略合作协议的具体设立方向。最核心的其实跟原来相应来讲变化不大的,还是甲乙方方会继续加大在最主要核心社会的一些合作。 而对核心设备的话呢上一次我们看到在这个2021年的时候也有这个战略合作的这个协议当时的话呢其实不仅仅只是这个战略合作协议了还有这个特别是竞争啊这个进行股权的这个合作相当于是这个绑定还是更深的而这一次的话呢这个我看了一下有一个非常重要的这个一些信息的话呢就是就是明德的话呢将提前向这个这个宣导的话呢就是共产一些包括轻电产能的这个信息啊这一点其实写的 非常明确就意味 ...

下面开始播放免费声明 未经本公司事先书面许可任何机构和个人不得以任何形式复制刊载转载转发引用本次会议内容否则由此造成的一切后果及法律责任由该机构或个人承担本公司保留追究其法律责任的权利大家好欢迎参加西南研究总量联合行业首席两重两薪投资地域解读目前所有的参会者均处于精英状态 现在有请宏光行业叶老师开始发言谢谢好的各位投资者下午好我们今天就两中两清近期的落地效果和2025年的政策进行一下前瞻首先来看两中两清它实际上是今年促投资和扩消费的一个重要的政策抓手从两中来看它的项目大多是超长期特别国家重点支持的项目 它是包括这个国家重大战略实施和重点领域安全能力建设是两块那么在这个国家战略实施当中呢像这个风速计算粮食安全安全能力建设产业链供应链安全能源这个安全都是它的一些重点领域重大基础设施呢包括这个铁路公路还有机场物流航道等等 此外呢还包括这个新智新产力像这个战略性基金产业新一代这个信息网络人工智能等等都是这个两种项目中间所涉及到的方向那么在这个两种的这个项目当中的国家发展委会呢也是按照这个地方审核国家复核的这个原则优化支持方式简化这个审批流程目前来看的话呢 1500亿的这个咱们在这个两中项目的这个总共的这个资金量呢是大 ...

好的 谢谢会议助理作为线上的投资者大家晚上好我是中信线投食品饮料分析师安亚德欢迎大家参加我们每周日晚8点中信线投大消费联合电话会议首先先由我跟大家汇报一下食品饮料2025年的一个投资策略我们看到其实今年整个食品饮料的情况来看 虽然说经过了这个九月末的一波上涨但整体来看还是整体是个下跌的一个态势然后整体的估值呢其实我们板块这个食品银行的估值从年初大概25倍左右下降到大概现在22倍左右这整体的估值还是进一步收缩的那从财务表现上来看也有所降速 但是这个持仓的市值仍然处于这个从三级末的这个持仓市值来看还是处于第一的一个位置整个这个钞配的比例还是有一定的这个小幅度环比的提升 那么这是整个24年的一个情况如果回顾来看因为现在已经12月份了其实整个表现出来食品饮料这边来看应该说还是一个需求不足或者说消费者情形相对比较弱的这样一个态势然后整个价格也是相对偏弱那么展望25年我们看到确实出台了一些比较有效的一些刺激的政策所以这个也是应对我们整个 这个二五年的一个食品饮料我们这个策略的报告的题目就是需求触底向阳而升那我们觉得在这些一兰治这个刺激政策的出台之后应该说整个经济数据也有望触底带动整个消费的一个回暖我们看到的话这个包括十月 ...

Investment Rating - The industry outlook for the financial guarantee sector is rated as stable [4]. Core Insights - Since 2024, five new financial guarantee institutions have been added, maintaining stable credit conditions among existing institutions. However, the sector faces credit risks due to slowing economic growth, insufficient domestic demand, and significant credit risk in key areas [2][5]. - Government financing guarantee institutions are increasing support for small and micro enterprises, agriculture, and technology innovation, receiving substantial regional policy support [2][10]. - The issuance policies for urban investment bonds and declining bond market interest rates have negatively impacted the financial products guaranteed by financial guarantee institutions, leading to a decrease in their balance and increased pressure for transformation [2][3][15]. - The balance of industrial bond guarantees is growing, indicating a significant development direction for the financial guarantee industry, with Jiangsu province having the highest proportion of guaranteed financial product balances [2][15]. - The concentration of guaranteed clients remains high, particularly in the construction industry, with 2025 and 2026 being peak years for bond repayments, necessitating close attention to the compensation situations of financial guarantee institutions [2][15]. Summary by Sections 1. Industry Development Overview - The financial guarantee industry has seen a net increase of five institutions since 2024, with stable credit conditions. However, challenges remain due to macroeconomic pressures and high credit risks in certain sectors [5][6]. - The government has implemented a series of economic stabilization policies, including adjustments to real estate policies and support for the private sector, which have helped maintain a cautious approach among financial guarantee institutions [5][6]. 2. Policy and Background - Government financing guarantee institutions are enhancing support for small and micro enterprises, agriculture, and technology innovation, with significant regional policy backing [10][11]. - Since the introduction of the regulatory framework in 2017, the financing guarantee industry has seen improved regulatory policies, with local governments actively promoting support for small and micro enterprises [10][11]. 3. Market Operation Status - The direct financing guarantee business primarily focuses on bond guarantees, with urban investment bonds being a significant part of the business. The balance of urban investment bond guarantees has decreased due to stricter issuance policies [14][15]. - The balance of industrial bond guarantees has increased significantly, indicating a shift in focus for financial guarantee institutions [22][23]. 4. Liquidity Risk Analysis - The scale of bond repayments due in 2025 is expected to increase, raising concerns about liquidity risks for financial guarantee institutions [59][60]. - The overall compensation pressure for financial guarantee institutions is moderate, with a net asset to repayment scale ratio of 2.01, indicating sufficient capital [60][61]. 5. Compensation Situation - The compensation pressure for indirect financing guarantees is increasing, with a notable rise in receivables due to macroeconomic factors [65][66]. - The total amount of receivables from compensation has grown, with significant increases reported by several institutions [66][67]. 6. Industry Outlook - The financial guarantee sector is expected to remain cautious in 2025, facing intensified competition and pressure for transformation due to current bond issuance policies and low interest rates [69][72]. - The government is promoting policies to support small and micro enterprises, which may lead to growth in policy-driven financing guarantees, while the market for bond guarantees may shift towards industrial bonds and other innovative products [71][73].